Research On Identification Method And Quality Analysis Of Qianhu In The Market

The traditional Chinese medicine Radix peucedani is derived from the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn,a plant of the Umbelliferae family.It is slightly cold in nature,bitter,pungent,non-toxic,and has the effect of resolving phlegm,dispelling wind and clearing heat.These are not only included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China,but also included in local standards such as Shaanxi,Gansu and Sichuan.The 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that the content of P.praeruptorum can not be less than 0.9%.and the content of P.praeruptorum can not be less than 0.24%At present,there are various names of Radix peucedani on the market,such as Qianhu.Ying Qianhu and Mao Qianhu.It is not uncommon for the quality of these medicinal materials of Radix peucedani to be uneven,and the traits and content indicators do not meet the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.This has a huge impact on the acceptance of enterprises,the control of medicinal materials and decoction pieces,and the effectiveness of clinical treatment.According to the author’s field investigation and analysis,it is believed that the important reason for the quality difference of Qianhu is that the origin of Qianhu medicinal material is unclear.For example,"Gansu Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials"(2008)included Peucedanum harrysmithii Fedd.ex Wolff var.subglabrum(Shan et.Sheh)Shan et.Sheh(Shao Maobeiqianhu)Peucedanum harrysmithii Fedd.ex Wolff var."Sichuan Provincial Standards"(2010)contains a short film Ligusticum brachylobum Franch whose root is Mao Qianhu.and even some of the so-called Qian Hu.which is sold on the market,is neither Qian Hu nor Mao Qian Hu or Ying Qian Hu.In order to thoroughly clarify the origin of Qianhu on the market and the quality differences of Qianhu.Mao Qianhu and Hard Qianhu.this study collected Qianhu medicinal materials from major domestic medicinal material markets,using trait identification.microscopic identification and molecular identification A variety of identification methods to clarify the source of Qianhu,use HPLC to detect the content of Peucedanum A and B in the samples of Peucedanum,comprehensively analyze the reasons for the unqualified quality of Peucedanum on the market,and establish a preliminary rapid identification of Peucedanum.The methods of authenticity,falsehood,superiority and inferiority provide a scientific basis and identification method for solving the problem of uneven quality of ginseng before the market,and also provide reference for the identification or quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials or Chinese medicinal pieces with similar problems in the medicinal material market.In this study,the characteristics of the collected 103 batches of Peucedanum praeruptorum were identified to preliminarily determine the type of Peucedanum praeruptorum.then the quality analysis was carried out,and the content of the samples was analyzed to analyze whether the Qianhu and Peucedanum praeruptorum of different origins are obvious Difference or influence:use stereo microscope and colorimeter to conduct statistical and quantitative analysis on the proportion of xylem.powder color,and oil point of cross section of Peucedanum praeruptorum,and analyze whether it is related to quality;finally,molecular identification method is used to identify the results Carry out re-identification,determine the accurate primor,and perform sequence analysis and secondary structure prediction on it,analyze and identify it from the perspective of molecular biology,and provide reference for solving the quality and identification acceptance problems in the market.The specific research results are as follows:1.Statistic and character identification of 103 batches of Qianhu samples,combined with molecular identification results to identify the characteristics of 103 batches of Qianhu.the results confirmed that the current 103 batches of Qianhu commercially available samples mainly contain the following primitives:1.Peucedanum praerupto-rum Dunn 2.Peucedanum terebinthaceum(Fisch.)Fisch.ex Turcz.3.Ligusticum brachylobum Franch 4.P.harry-smithii Fedd.ex Wolff var.subglabrum(Shan et.Sheh)Shan et.Sheh 5.Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels 6.Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.7.Peucedanum medicum Dunn.There are a total of 7 sources of primordial genes.In addition to the genuine Peucedanum praeruptorzum,the main sources are Peucedanum terebinthaceum(Fisch.)Fisch.ex Turcz.and Ligusticum brachylobum Franch.There were 61 batches of authentic Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn obtained,accounting for only 59.2%of the total,which is basically consistent with the results of market research and data research.In the process of character identification,we not only found that the whole batch of samples were not Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn,but also found that a batch of samples were mixed with other traits of decoction pieces,such as Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn samples mixed with P.harry-smithii Fedd.ex Wolff var.subglabrum(Shan et.Sheh)Shan et.Sheh and Ligusticum brachylobum Franch was mixed in the samples,and the amount of adulteration in some batches was relatively high.A total of 13 batches of the whole batch of samples are counterfeit Ligusticum brachylobum Franch,9 batches of fake P.harry-smithii Fedd.ex Wolff var.subglabrum(Shan et.Sheh)Shan et.Sheh,8 batches of fake Peucedanum medicum Dunn.and 9 batches of fake Peucedanum terebinthaceum(Fisch.)Fisch.ex Turcz.There are a total of 103 batches of Qianhu samples.In the process of character identification,we not only found that the whole batch of samples were not Peucedanum praerupto-rum Dunn,but also found that there were other decoction pieces with other characteristics.The samples of Peucedanum terebinthaceum and Peucedanum praeruptorum are mixed with Ligusticum brachylobum,and the amount of adulteration in some batches is relatively high.The content of 103 batches of Qianhu samples collected was determined.Among the 61 batches of Peucedanum praerupto-rum whose properties meet the description of Peucedanum praerupto-rum,26 batches did not meet the pharmacopoeia requirements,accounting for 42.6%.and 35 batches met the requirements of the pharmacopoeia,accounting for At 57.4%.5 of the 9 batches of samples of the counterfeit P.harry-smithii Fedd.ex Wolff var.subglabrum met the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia,and 7 of the 13 batches of the fake Ligusticum brachylobum met the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia.Among them,the content of leucocephalus was much higher than that of the Pharmacopoeia.Of the 8 batches of fake Peucedanum medicum samples,2 batches meet the requirements of the pharmacopoeia,and the overall content is below the pharmacopoeial content standard.Of the 9 batches of samples of the fake Pencedanum terebinthaceum,2 batches meet the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.The second content determination can infer that the adulteration has a certain impact on the quality of Peucedanum.The incorporation of the fake P.harry-smithii and Ligusticum brachylobum will increase the total mass of Peucedanum A in the whole batch.making the original Peucedanum A in Peucedanum praeruptorum not up to the standard.The sample becomes up to the standard.The incorporation of phophora linteus will affect the decline of the whole batch of cephalosporin A and cephalosporin B.The incorporation of Peucedanum terebinthaceum will affect the decrease of the cephalocele A and cephalosporin B of the whole batch,and a batch of qualified cephalosporium spp.The sample was not qualified due to the incorporation of Peucedanum medicum,Peucedanum terebinthaceum,and Angelica sinensis.Glehnia littoralis.which reduced the quality of the entire sample batch.2.The statistical analysis of the proportion of xylem of Peucedanum praeruptorum showed that the proportion of xylem in Peucedanum praeruptorum was distributed in 3 ranges,which were 57.6%-68.2%,38.9%-53.4%,and 66.4%-75.2%.Among them.Peucedanum praeruptorum was mainly distributed in the front The quality of Peucedanum praeruptorum with a large xylem ratio within the range of 2 ratios is better.The statistical analysis of the color of Peucedanum praeruptorum shows that the quality of Peucedanzum praeruptorum is not related to the color of the powder.However,the color of the powder can still distinguish Peucedanum praeruptorum from Ligusticum brachylobum,Peucedanum terebinthaceum and Peucedanum terebinthaceum fakes,which can be used as fast Method of identification.Exploring the correlation between the quantity and quality of oil spots in the samples of Peucedanum praeruptorum showed that the more oil spots,the better the quality.3.Determine the molecular identification results according to the analysis of the phylogenetic tree proximity method.Based on the K2P model,the K2P distance between Peucedanum praeruptorum and its mixed products is calculated.The intraspecific genetics are very stable and the minimum K2P genetic distance between species is long.It is much larger than the maximum intraspecific genetic distance of Peucedanum praeruptorum,indicating that ITS2 can accurately distinguish Peucedanum praeruptorum and its mixed varieties.Through the analysis of the mutation sites,the bases of the sites can be used to distinguish Peucedanum praeruptorum from other fakes.Peucedanum praerupto-rum Dunn and P.harry-smithii Fedd.ex Wolff can be distinguished from 66,109,225,29,109,138,217,225,can be distinguished from Peucedanum terebinthaceum(Fisch.)Fisch.ex Turcz from 86,100,and can be distinguished from Peucedanum medicum Dunn at 23,24,206 identification and Ligusticum brachylobum are identified at 7,86,103,159 alleles.And the seven species can be effectively distinguished and identified through the secondary structure predicted by ITS2.