| Background:With the rapid development of the global economy,the increasingly serious air pollution problem can not be ignored.Many studies have shown that the impact of air on human health depends on the air exposure behavior pattern in the presence of air pollutant concentration and toxicity.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out the research on the air exposure behavior pattern of the population to evaluate the health risk of the atmospheric environment effectively.At present,the national environmental protection departments have launched a series of environmental protection policies to improve air pollution.US EPA has published《Exposure Factors Handbook》in 1989.And China also released《Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Adults》and《Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Children》in 2014 and 2016,which is the first handbook of exposure parameters and play a crucial role of promoting the development of Chinese environmental health.However,there are still some shortcomings.First,we lack the research on the pattern of air exposure in the typical area.Second,there is less evidence of the validity of questionaires’ effection,which is the primary research method in the survey of behavioral patterns.Therefore,in our country,to verify the validity of the air exposure behavior by questionnaire,and conduct the investigation of the air exposure behavior pattern,study its influencing factors in typical areas is important to promote Chinese air exposure behavior model research and development.Objective:In order to provide reference and advice for air exposure behavior survery,and improve the accuracy of health risk assessment results of residents in our country,we evaluated the effectiveness of the air exposure behavior model by comparing the questionnaire survey and the actual measurement.To improve the assessment and health risk assessment of air pollutants,get the characteristics of air exposure behavior pattern and influence factors,we choose Lanzhou as a typical area to carry out investigationMethod:In this study,we used the 24-hour review dairy and the wireless sensor to collect air exposure behavior patterns,and choose 31 volunteers of different occupations.Use linear regression analysis to compare behavior patterns of two methods.And the results of the two methods were used to test the validity of the air exposure behavior patterns.More than 18 years old residents were choose to obtain the investigation of air exposure patterns.Use the method of questionnaire to collect the paradox of air exposure patterns,such as indoor time,outdoor time,the way of traffic and traffic time by pad.In this way,we can achieve commit,save and updata during the survey.Summarize the characteristics of air exposure behavior patterns and influence factors of residents in Lanzhou by using the method of Chi-square,Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis.Result:1.The coincidence rate of the questionnaire survey and the actual survey method was 83.6%.And there is a linear correlation between the two methods(r=0.830,P=0.000),and meet the regression equation as Y实际=0.819X问卷+159.343(R2=0.689,P=0.000).2.The average residence time of residents in Lanzhou is 1085.3 min/d,and the outdoor residence time is 323 min/d.Work on indoor and outdoor residence time are 1081.8 min/d and 323.6 min/d;the rest of the day inside and outside the residence time is 1093.9 min/d and 321.4 min/d respectively;the winter indoor residence time(1169.5 min/d)higher than the other three seasons,outdoor residence time(259.1 min/d)is lower than other seasons;agricultural area residents inside the shortest residence time(952.9 min/d),outdoor residence time the longest(481.4 min/d);male indoor residence time(1072.4mind)lower than that of the female(1098.5 min/d),outdoor residence time(332.5mind)was higher than female(313.2 min/d);60 years old and above age group residents indoor minimum residence time(1065.5 min/d),the highest outdoor residence time(342.2 min/d);junior middle school and the residents of indoor culture the shortest residence time(1046.9 min/d),the longest outdoor residence time(371.6 min/d);farmers The shorter retention time(1020.0 min/d),the longest outdoor residence time(418.6 min/d),the housewife’s indoor stay for the longest time(1170.3 min/d),office staff outside the shortest residence time(261.5 min/d),the above differences were statistically significant(P<0.05)。3.In Lanzhou,the average daily traffic time of the residents was 85.2 min/d,travel time is different between different traffic modes。The car for the longest time(105.2 min/d),followed by a bus(67.5 min/d),electric vehicles and bicycles(59.2 min/d)and walk(56.5 min/d),the shortest time is 49.6 min/d by motorcycle;the average daily traffic total travel time(107.5 min/d)of the residential industry is higher than that in city(86.7 min/d)and agricultural area(60.7 min/d);the average travel time of male residents(91.8 min/d)than women(78.5 min/d);population age group was higher than that of young people in the travel time residents daily travel time;the higher the average travel time is longer;traffic drivers,teachers,staff and office staff is the longest,respectively 127.8 min/d,108.3 min/d,106.7 min/d and 103.6 min/d.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the choice of mode of transport,Lanzhou residents choose to walk in a typical area(77.4%),followed by motor vehicles(48.7%)and cycling(9%)Conclusion:The consistency between the questionnaire survey and the actual measurement method was 83.6%,and meet the actual linear regression equation as Y=0.819X+159.343,which was improve the effectiveness in survey of air exposure patteren preliminary.And the results of this study is scientific and the rationality for environmental policy related to environmental protection departments to develop or carry out crowd behavior research of air exposure,with reference to the atmospheric health risk assessment.Lanzhou city residents of the average residence time,indoor outdoor residence time and travel time are respectively 1085.3 min/d,323.0 min/d and 85.2 min/d,the traffic way mainly for walking(77.4%),followed by the ride vehicle(48.7%)and cycling(9%).The patterns of air exposure were influenced by gender,age,education level,occupation and region,and there were differences in the patterns of air exposure among different gender,age and region.Therefore,in order to improve the accuracy and validity of the evaluation,we should choose the characteristic parameters which are suitable for the air exposure behavior patterns of the residents in Lanzhou,which can be used to evaluate the health risk of Lanzhou. |
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