Analysis Of Glass Technology Unearthed From The Late Yuan And Early Ming Glass Workshop In Boshan,Shandong Province

The site of a glass workshop in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty in Boshan,Zibo,Shandong is one of the earliest glass workshops in China,which was excavated lots of glass relics.The research about Boshan glass focuses on literature records and typology and related studies about scientific and technological analysis and testing work are relatively few.Instruments such as Ultra-field deep microscope,SEM-EDS are used to analyze and detect the composition system and production of glassware unearthed in these glass workshops.And on this basis,the corrosion status of the samples is also discussed.This analysis clarifies the types and compositional characteristics of glassware.The glassware unearthed in this site is mainly blue and white,but glassware with other colors also exists,such as red,green,black and brown.The glass types are mainly K2O-CaO-SiO2,as well as Na2O-K2O-SiO2、Na2O-CaO-SiO2 and K2O-PbO-SiO2.For the glassware in Zibo area in this period,saltpeter(KNO3)is used as the flux,fluorite(CaF2)is used as the opacifying agent,and for a small amount of glass,the opacifying agent is cassiterite(SnO2).The coloring element of blue glass is mainly Cu,and the coloring element of black glass is Fe.The coloring element of green and red glass is Cu and Fe.According to the analysis results,the ore raw materials of the glass unearthed from the glass workshop are confirmed mainly to be quartzite,saltpeter and fluorite,and the colorants are mainly were copper and iron.Corresponding to the records of glass making with Yanshanzaji,it shows that the technology of glass production has been very mature at the latest in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty.On the basis of composition analysis,the corrosion of glass samples was discussed.Most of the glassware has corroded in different degrees,and matt,iridescent and other phenomena appear on the surface of the glassware.During the corrosion process of potassium-lead glass,K and Pb elements are lost,and Si elements are enriched.In addition to that,soda-lime glass and potassium-lime glass lose a lot of Na and K elements.The analysis work not only provides a basis for further research on the craftsmanship and technology of Zibo Boshan glass workshops in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty,but also provides scientific evidence for the research on the status of the site,the development of glass technology and glass trade.