| Edible blended oil refers to the human nutritional needs of two or more refined fats and oils in a certain proportion of the blend,can solve the single natural fatty acid ratio imbalance,so that residents or special populations better scientific intake of the appropriate proportion of fatty acids,such as α-linolenic acid(ALA),linoleic acid(LA),etc.,which is important for the protection of the health of the organism.In this study,we aimed to develop a new functional Lycium barbarum oil blend for gastric mucosa protection.In order to break through the compounding of mixed grains and medicinal food ingredients,we compared the quality of fruit oil and seed oil of Lycium barbarum in the early stage of the experiment,and finally selected flaxseed oil,sea buckthorn seed oil and Lycium barbarum fruit oil as the base oil and blended them in a certain ratio.The effects of different dose levels of the blended oil on the macroscopic characterization of gastric mucosal injury,cytokine expression level and redox homeostasis in mice and the possible regulatory mechanisms were investigated,with the aim of providing valuable theoretical references for the development of functional blended oil.The following are the details of the study and the main findings:(1)Using Lycium barbarum as the raw material,Lycium barbarum fruit oil and Lycium barbarum seed oil were extracted by solvent leaching method,and the basic physicochemical indexes,fatty acid composition,trace nutrients,in vitro antioxidant activity and the level of active ingredients released during the simulated digestion were tested and compared.The results showed that the peroxide value,acid value and iodine value of Lycium barbarum fruit oil and Lycium barbarum seed oil were within the range of the national edible oil standard,and the color of Lycium barbarum fruit oil was dark red with special aromatic smell,while the color of Lycium barbarum seed oil was light yellow with light smell.The fatty acid ratio of the two is obviously different,in which the relative content of unsaturated fatty acid of Lycium barbarum fruit oil is 83.96%,seed oil is 89.99%;the relative content of linoleic acid of fruit oil is lower than that of seed oil,59.2%,66.9%respectively,but the relative content of oleic acid and linolenic acid are higher than that of seed oil,19.6%,2.33%and 18.9%,1.04%respectively,and the comparison of seed oil contains more palm The relative contents of oleic acid and linolenic acid were higher than those of seed oil,19.6%,2.33%and 18.9%,1.04%,respectively,and more palmitic acid than seed oil,10.9%and 6.16%,respectively.Lycium barbarum fruit oil was rich in micronutrients,and its total tocopherol,squalene,and sterol contents were higher than those of Lycium barbarum seed oil.In terms of active ingredients,Lycium barbarum fruit oil was richer in phenols and flavonoids than seed oil,and the results of DPPH,ABTS radical scavenging capacity,total antioxidant capacity,and reducing capacity showed that the in vitro antioxidant capacity of Lycium barbarum fruit oil was higher than that of Lycium barbarum seed oil,indicating that Lycium barbarum fruit oil has more powerful antioxidant activity than seed oil.In addition,during the simulated in vitro digestion process,the release concentration curves of polyphenols and flavonoids were basically the same,both showed a decreasing,then increasing and then decreasing trend,in which the release concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids contained in Lycium barbarum fruit oil was higher than that of seed oil in all digestion stages.(2)Based on the preliminary experiments,flaxseed oil,sea buckthorn seed oil and Lycium barbarum fruit oil were selected as the base oils,and the ratio of base oils was calculated and blended using Matlab software after the establishment of a general mathematical model,and the resulting blended oil SFA/MUFA/PUFA=1:1.1:3.4,ALA/LA=1:1.03.The peroxide value,acid value and iodine value of the blended oil all met the national standards for edible vegetable oils,and its color is bright cherry red,and has a special aromatic odor.The results of micro-nutrient testing of blended oil showed that the total tocopherol content was 19.4537 μg/100mg,the total sterol content was 1.956 μg/mg and squalene content was 0.138 μg/mg.The total phenol and total flavonoid contents of the blended oil were lower than those of Lycium barbarum fruit oil,but higher than those of flaxseed oil and sea buckthorn seed oil.In addition,the release curves of polyphenols and flavonoids in the blended oil and the base oils were basically the same during the in vitro simulated digestion process,showing a trend of decreasing,then increasing and then decreasing,and the release concentration was overall lower than that of fruit oil,but higher than that of sea buckthorn seed oil and flaxseed oil.In summary,the produced Lycium barbarum functional blend oil is rich in micro-nutrients and active ingredients and has good antioxidant activity.(3)We investigated the effects of different dose levels of blended oil on the macroscopic characterization of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury,cytokine expression levels and redox homeostasis in mice and the possible regulatory mechanisms,and the results showed that flaxseed functional blended oil pretreatment could reduce the degree of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice in a dose-dependent manner and had better gastric mucosal protective effects.The results showed that Lycium barbarum functional blend oil pretreatment could reduce the degree of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice in a dose-dependent manner,with better gastric mucosal protective effects,especially in the medium and high dose groups.The possible regulatory mechanisms are as follows:(1)stabilize the level of apoptosis and proliferation in tissue cells and avoid excessive accumulation of immune cells by down-regulating the protein expression of pro-apoptotic factor Caspase-3,anti-apoptotic factor EGFR,macrophage F4/80 and adhesion factor CD31;(2)enhance the concentration of PGE2 by inhibiting COX-1 gene expression and promoting COX-2 and iNOS gene expression,enhance the gastric mucosal barrier and repair function by inhibiting COX-1 gene expression,promoting COX-2 and iNOS gene expression,and strengthening PGE2 concentration level;(3)reduce inflammatory response and relieve inflammatory cell infiltration by decreasing the content of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in gastric mucosal tissue cells;(4)regulate and improve free radical metabolism,inhibit lipid peroxidation and reduce the level of oxidative stress.In conclusion,Lycium barbarum functional blend oil can effectively improve the macroscopic characterization of gastric mucosal injury,down-regulate the levels of relevant cytokines and inflammatory factors,maintain redox homeostasis,and reduce the index of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal ulceration to a certain extent. |
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