| Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)such as atherosclerosis,myocardial infarction,etc.,are leading risk factors for death worldwide.A healthy diet has been proven to be effective in reducing the risk of CVD and helping people live healthier lives.The phenomenon of longevity in Guangxi,China,is remarkable,and its formation is closely related to the dietary structure of the local long-lived elderly.Being in Guangxi,our team explored and traced the factors that contributed to its longevity from the perspective of diet over many years.Based on the team’s earlier experiments,this study further optimizes the design of the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern in terms of energy,carbohydrate,protein,fat and dietary fiber,and recruits volunteers with CVD risk for a two-week high compliance dietary intervention to explore the effect of the constructed dietary pattern on the health status of volunteers by comparing the changes of health indicators,intestinal flora and fecal metabolites before and after the dietary intervention.The main results are as follows:1.The construction of Guangxi longevity dietary pattern and analysis of volunteer survey.Based on the team’s previous experiments,the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern was optimally constructed.14 volunteers who met the requirements and completed the study were Screened,a dietary survey was conducted,and the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern intervention was carried out for two weeks.The comparative analysis of dietary structure showed that compared with the habitual diet period,the volunteers’average daily intake of energy and fat was significantly lower,while the intake of dietary fiber,vitamin A and vitamin C was significantly higher during the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern.Meanwhile,the average intake of vegetables,fruits,coarse grains and eggs significantly increased,while the average intake of dairy products and seafood significantly decreased.2.The effect of Guangxi longevity dietary pattern on health indicators of volunteers with risk of CVD.Comparing the health indicators of volunteers before and after the dietary intervention,the results showed that the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern significantly reduced the weight,blood pressure and blood lipid levels of volunteers,which had a beneficial effect on reducing the risk of CVD.Meanwhile,the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern significantly improved the serum antioxidant capacity of the volunteers,with the serum T-SOD activity significantly increased and the level of lipid peroxidation product MDA significantly reduced after the dietary intervention.In addition,the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased,and the average white blood cell was significantly reduced after the dietary intervention.The Guangxi longevity dietary pattern also significantly reduced serum urea nitrogen levels.This characterized the improvement of the health status of volunteers by Guangxi longevity dietary pattern from multiple perspectives.3.The effect of the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern on the intestinal flora of volunteers with risk of CVD.The intestinal flora diversity of volunteers changed from multiple levels after the dietary intervention.At the phylum level,the relative abundance of TM7 was significantly decreased,and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes also decreased.At the genus level,the relative abundance of Coprococcus increased significantly,while the relative abundance of Escherichia,Ruminococcus and Megamonas were significantly decreased.The result of redundant analysis indicated that changes in the gut microbiota were closely related to daily food consumption,with the average daily intake of vegetables being the most relevant.The above results proved that the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern could effectively regulate the structure of human intestinal flora.4.The effect of Guangxi longevity dietary pattern on fecal metabolites of volunteers with risk of CVD.The fecal metabolites were detected by ~1H-NMR metabolomics in the volunteers before and after the dietary intervention and analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis,nine metabolites showed significant differences before and after the dietary intervention,including two metabolites increased(butyrate,citrulline),seven metabolites decreased(threonine,choline,glycine,aspartate,alanine,N-acetylglutamic acid,lysine).The association network of fecal biomarkers and indicators related to CVD was constructed by using the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemical(STITCH),and the results showed that all nine metabolic markers could interact directly or indirectly with TG or cholesterol.Pathway enrichment and topological analysis showed that the dietary intervention mainly affected five pathways.Combined with the analysis of existing studies,it was concluded that the effects of the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern on fecal metabolites and metabolic pathways in volunteers may be closely related to the improvement of body health status. |
PDF Full Text Request