Study On Environmental Effect Evaluation And Mechanism Of Ecological Transfer Payment

Deepening the reform of the ecological compensation system is a major measure to implement the concept of "Two mountains" and achieve the goal of "dual carbon",and an important embodiment of Xi Jinping thought on ecological civilization.According to the National Plan for Main Function Zones,national key ecological function zones are restricted and prohibited development zones in territorial space development.They are important zones established by the central government to maintain the level of national ecological security and are related to China’s basic ecological security,ecological product supply and territorial space optimization strategy.According to externality theory and public goods theory,the transfer payment from central government to local government is the most effective and direct way to compensate for ecological resources.Since the establishment of the transfer payment system for national key ecological function zones in 2008,a relatively complete policy system has been formed.As the current China’s biggest,the most widely coverage of longitudinal ecological compensation compensation policy,implementation of the policy to strengthen the related area the responsibility of the local governments to protect the ecological environment,guarantee the construction and development of key ecological function areas in our country,alleviate the ecological products provide region and benefit of the public service level is not balanced.However,from the point of practice,its environmental effect is not satisfactory,the environmental protection goal of the ecological transfer payment policy is not fully realized,and the environmental effect of the policy is contrary to the policy goal.At the same time,local government’s livelihood goals "squeeze" environmental protection goals,which does not match the primary task of protecting and restoring the ecological environment and providing ecological products in key ecological function areas.In the allocation of funds,there is no significant correlation between the scale of transfer payments and the expenditure on ecological and environmental protection,and there is even reverse adjustment.The main reasons are as follows: one is related to the decision-making mechanism of local government environmental governance;Second,it is related to the imperfection of the ecological compensation fund investment mechanism in the national key ecological function zones.The national key ecological function zones in Shanxi Province,as the first group of regions to receive the central ecological transfer payment,also have the contradiction between environmental objectives and sacrificing the right to development.According to the evaluation results of ecological environment dynamics of 18 observed counties in Shanxi Province by the Ministry of Ecology and Environmental Protection in 2018,compared with 2017,EI values of 12 counties showed a downward trend,accounting for 67% of the total observed counties,and the ENVIRONMENTAL quality index fluctuated greatly.Therefore,based on the atmospheric pollution control as an example,the first analysis of the development of the national key ecological function areas transfer payment policy background and the characteristics of the change,on the basis of building based on ecological compensation theory and the theory of public finance transfer payment of the local government environmental management decision-making model,the analysis of the effect of transfer payment to the environment quality mechanism and path.Then select the data of 96 counties(districts)in Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2016 to investigate the impact of ecological transfer payment on ecological environment improvement.The research conclusions are as follows :(1)ecological transfer payments in China have improved the environmental quality represented by the atmosphere on the whole,but with the advancement of policy implementation years,the environmental effects of ecological transfer payments have become worse and worse,and the policy objectives have not been achieved.(2)The scale of ecological transfer payments is positively correlated with environmental quality.The larger the scale of ecological transfer payments,the higher the environmental quality.(3)in view of the minority groups,the types of functional area differences of ecological environment effect of transfer payment heterogeneity inspection found that the han ethnic group community ecological environmental effect of transfer payment is more prominent,maintain function of soil and water conservation and soil and water conservation function of the ecological environment of the transfer payment effect is more significant,which improve the transfer payment scale is helpful for the improvement of the ecological environment.(4)Further analysis of the environmental effect of poverty degree on ecological transfer payment shows that the increase of ecological transfer payment scale is beneficial to the improvement of ecological environment in areas with low poverty degree,while the increase of ecological transfer payment scale does not improve the ecological environment in areas with high poverty degree.Finally,based on the above research conclusions,it is proposed to further expand the scope of transfer payment funds for national key ecological function zones and increase the amount of compensation funds.Strengthen the guidance of ecological transfer payment fund allocation,implement differentiated compensation,bring market subjects into the implementation of ecological transfer payment policy,strengthen the guiding role of fund assessment,so as to coordinate the contradiction between the goal of people’s livelihood and the goal of environmental protection of ecological transfer payment policy,and achieve win-win economic development and ecological protection.