Study On The Effects Of Different Subsurface Irrigation Depths On The Yield,Quality And Wine Quality Of ’Capsule-tree’ Coupling Cabernet Sauvignon

In this study,aiming at the technical ’bottleneck’ problems of tree overwintering cold protection,insufficient timeliness and poor effectiveness of spring frost prevention in the development of grape industry in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,the ’Column-head shape’ tree(Chs)of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes overwintering in the ’capsule-tree’ and the ’Sloping single cordons shape’ tree(Sscs)of conventional buried soil overwintering were taken as the research objects.The effects of root zone ground drip irrigation(0 cm,CK-control)and different subsurface irrigation depth(20 cm,30 cm,40 cm)on tree overwintering protection,fruit yield and quality and wine quality were investigated.The main results are as follows:1.Through the investigation and research on the overwintering effect of each treatment,it was found that the main root distribution of the surface drip irrigation treatment was shallow(0-40 cm),the root activity and respiration intensity of the underground 0-25 cm level were lower,and the membrane permeability was higher,which belonged to severe freezing injury and lost the normal physiological function,while the root distribution level of each subsurface irrigation treatment was deeper,and the root indexes were in the normal range.And underground subsurface irrigation treatment can effectively improve the tree germination rate and fruit coefficient;the comprehensive evaluation model of overwintering effect was established:Chs-30 cm>Sscs-40 cm>Chs-20 cm>Chs-40 cm>Sscs-30 cm>Sscs-20 cm>Chs-0 cm>Sscs-0 cm,that is,Chs treatment is better than Sscs in overwintering effect,and the two are combined with the subsurface irrigation depth of 30 cm and 40 cm.2.Measured and studied the fruit yield and quality of each treatment,and found that in terms of the appearance quality and physical and chemical indicators of the fruit,the subsurface irrigation treatment can effectively improve the volume,single grain weight,total soluble solids,total sugar,Vc,total phenol and tannin content of the Cabernet Sauvignon fruit;in terms of volatile organic compounds in fruits,subsurface irrigation treatment was beneficial to the accumulation of volatile organic compounds in fruits.The treatment of Chs and Sscs combined with subsurface irrigation 20 cm and 40 cm was the best.In terms of yield,subsurface irrigation treatment can effectively improve the total yield of Cabernet Sauvignon,which is about 50%higher than that of conventional drip irrigation.In addition,it was found that the yield of Chs irrigation treatment was higher than that of Sscs,with an increase of 1.83%-16.73%.The comprehensive evaluation model of fruit yield and quality was constructed.The ranking of fruit yield and quality among different treatments was:Sscs-20 cm>Chs-30 cm>Sscs-40 cm>Sscs-30 cm>Chs40 cm>Chs-20 cm>Sscs-0 cm>Chs-0 cm.On the whole,the depth of 20 cm-30 cm has a positive effect on improving the quality and yield of fruit products.3.Determination and research on the quality of the wine of each treatment found that in terms of physical and chemical indicators of the wine,the subsurface irrigation treatment can effectively improve the content of total phenols and tannins in the wine compared with the conventional drip irrigation treatment,Chs The content of tannins and total phenols in the wine of each treatment is higher than that of the Sscs,with an increase of about 18.00%;in terms of sensory score,the sensory score of the wine with the depth of 30 cm-40 cm was the highest.In terms of volatile organic compounds in the wine,compared with the conventional drip irrigation treatment,the subsurface irrigation treatment effectively increased the accumulation of fruit and rose aroma volatile organic compounds in the wine,which could effectively improve the flavor of the wine.The comprehensive evaluation model of wine quality was constructed.The ranking of wine quality among different treatments was as follows:Chs-40 cm>Sscs40 cm>Chs-30 cm>Chs-20 cm>Sscs-30 cm>Sscs-20 cm>Chs-0 cm>Sscs-0 cm.The depth of 40 cm of the subsurface irrigation device was the best for improving the quality of the wine.In summary,the subsurface irrigation treatment can effectively improve the yield and quality of fruit and wine,and the overwintering effect of the ’Column-head shape’ coupling protection capsule is better than that of the conventional buried soil’ Sloping single cordons shape’,which will affect the quality of fruit and wine,resulting in the quality of the Chs fruit and wine are better than the Sscs.On the whole,the ’capsule-tree’ coupling,combined with the subsurface irrigation technology with a depth of 30 cm40 cm,can improve the fruit yield and wine quality while ensuring the overwintering effect.