Effects Of Loading And Regulated Deficit Irrigation On The Fruit And Wine Quality Of Cabernet Sauvignon Grape

Xinjiang is the main producing area of high-quality grape and wine because of its strong light,large temperature difference and little precipitation.But the shortage of water resources in Xinjiang limits the development of grape industry,so how to use water resources efficiently is a hot spot of grape planting research.Proper grape load and regulated deficit irrigation can improve the quality of wine grape,improve the quality of wine,and promote the development of wine industry.In order to solve the above problems,Cabernet Sauvignon grape was selected as the research material in this study,the treatments of thinning ear,thinning ear-regulated deficit irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation were carried out in the fruit-setting stage of grape,the dynamic changes of grape fruit quality,the way of anthocyanin synthesis and the quality of grape wine were studied,the effects of different treatments of thinning-ear,thinning-deficit irrigation and deficit irrigation on grape fruit and wine quality were studied in order to carry out reasonable treatments of thinning-ear and deficit irrigation on the basis of keeping yield,in order to control the reasonable grape yield,the scientific regulation deficit irrigation provides the theory basis.The main findings are as follows:1.The control group was non-sparse-paneled and normally irrigated grapes,the effects of thinning-ear treatment(20,25,30 ears/plant),regulated deficit irrigation(5.6,6.4,7.2 h)and thinning-regulated deficit irrigation(different degree of thinning-ear treatment combined with regulated deficit irrigation)on the basic indexes of grape fruit color changing were studied.The results showed that the content of soluble solids(26.60,26.50,25.60%)could be increased by light deficit irrigation and ear thinning.The treatments of 20 panicles/plants could increase the fruit vertical and horizontal diameter,and 25 panicles/plants could increase the average grain weight(1.04 g).The average single grain weight of fruit was significantly increased under regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)for 7.2 H,and the reducing sugar content was increased under RDI for 5.6 H and 6.4 H respectively.Taking the comprehensive score as the judging criterion,the suitable treatment was selected from the fruit quality index for the follow-up test,r1C2 treatment(25spike/plant,5.6 H regulated deficit irrigation),C2 treatment(25 spike/plant,25 spike/plant)and R2treatment(6.4 H regulated deficit irrigation)were selected.2.The effects of R1C2,C2,R2 and CK on phenolic compounds in grape fruit and wine were studied.The Cabernet Sauvignon grapes treated with R1C2,C2,R2 and CK were used to make wine in small containers,the results showed that the contents of anthocyanin,total phenol,tannin and flavonoid were different in different treatments,the contents of phenolic compounds in R1C2 treated pericarp were higher:anthocyanin 28.29 mg/g,total phenol 83.27 mg/g and flavonoids 26.99 mg/g,which were significantly higher than those in control(p < 0.05)The content of tannin was higher in C2 treatment(11.67 mg/g).The contents of total phenol and flavonoids in R1C2 treated liquor increased by 23.00% and 36.48%,while the contents of anthocyanin and tannin in R2 treated liquor increased by 41.18% and 3.84% respectively.3.The effects of R1C2,C2,R2 and CK on the color of grape fruit and wine during ripening were studied.The results showed that R1C2,C2 and R2 could promote the degradation of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in pericarp.R1C2,C2 and R2 had significant effects on increasing red hue(a*)and color difference saturation(C*ab)in grape skins and wines(p < 0.05),and all of them decreased the brightness(L*)in grape skins and wines Increase the skin color index(CIRG).At the same time,it can improve the color value of wine and reduce the color value of wine.All the treatments are beneficial to the fruit coloring and improve the color of grape fruit and wine.4.To study the effects of R1C2,C2,R2 and CK on the key enzymes of anthocyanin synthesis in grape peel and the expression of peel-related genes during grape ripening.Compared with the control treatment,R1C2 significantly induced the enzymatic activities of PAL,CHS,DFR,ANS,and UFGT and up-regulated the relative expression of Vv PAL,Vv CHS,Vv DFR,F3’5’H,Vv UFGT,Vvmyb A1 genes in the pericarp of the mature stage(p<0.05);C2 treatment significantly induced the enzymatic activities of PAL,CHI,DFR,ANS and UFGT in the pericarp at the mature stage,and up-regulated the relative expressions of Vv PAL,Vv CHS,Vv DFR,F3’5’H,Vv UFGT,Vvmyb A1 genes;R2 treatment induced the enzymatic activity of DFR and decreased Up-regulated Vv F3’H gene relative expression.