Research On Environmental Liability Insurance Syste

As a kind of social relief,environmental liability insurance system has the functions of transferring risks,timely and effective relief for victims,and reducing government financial expenditure.It can effectively deal with the particularity of environmental hazards and make up for the shortcomings of traditional civil relief.Environmental liability insurance system as an external product,the system in China has gradually highlighted some shortcomings:However,the system of environmental liability insurance originated from outside China has been increasingly prominent in China,which is mainly manifested in: first,the compulsory deficiency of the insurance mode of the system.This will lead to the poor enthusiasm of most enterprises to participate in insurance.Enterprises may not get the third party’s relief because of the lack of insurance coverage ability and bankruptcy,which will cause the innocent victims to be unable to obtain compensation for the losses;Second,insurance institutions have limited underwriting capacity.Relying on commercial insurance company to cover alone will face the situation that there is not enough capital capacity to pay compensation,which seriously hinders the development of environmental liability insurance.Third,the insurance coverage is too narrow.At present,the insurance policy only covers the sudden pollution,but ignores the gradual pollution with greater impact and more serious pollution,which makes the narrow insurance space smaller and the pollution problem can not be effectively solved;Finally,the premium rate is unreasonable.If we do not judge the degree of pollution caused by the production of enterprises and use the same insurance rate,it is unfair to the industries or enterprises with less pollution,and the insured enterprises will lose interest in insurance.In order to ensure the environmental liability insurance system to achieve optimal benefits in solving the problem of environmental pollution,it is particularly important to improve the current environmental liability insurance system.In view of the above problems,this paper studies the relevant experience of foreign developed countries,and puts forward the following suggestions: we should choose the compulsory insurance as the main insurance mode,supplemented by arbitrary insurance mode,in order to improve the environmental liability insurance system We should better regulate the production of high-risk enterprises to ensure that the victims of pollution accidents get corresponding relief;in the choice of insurance institutions,we should choose the combination of commercial insurance institutions and policy insurance institutions,and policy insurance institutions can make up for this when insurance companies are afraid of facing huge claims and are unwilling to underwrite progressive pollution and other high-risk areas According to the actual pollution risk degree of each province and city,some coverage should be appropriately expanded,and gradual accident pollution should be included in the coverage,so as to increase the insurance space of enterprises and increase the compensation ratio;floating differential rates should be implemented,and different insurance rates should be implemented according to the specific situation of enterprises,and at the same time In this paper,we use the mechanism of rewards and punishments to adjust the enterprise’s insurance rate.