| The spatial disturbance,conflict and disharmony caused by the rapid economic and social development have the important effect on our economic development and ecological environmental protection.It is an important decision basis to analyze the evolution law of the spatial pattern of "three habitats" and its ecological environmental effect,and optimize the functional cooperation of "three habitats" to realize the rational development and sustainable development of national land space.In this paper,Chongqing,a typical mountain city in Southwest China,is selected as an example.Based on the Landsat remote sensing image data of five periods from 2000 to 2020 and the spatial classification standard of "three and one life",the spatial functions of "three and one life" are divided into eight main functional types.Firstly,the quantitative model and GIS multidimensional spatial analysis method were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the spatial pattern of "three ecological systems".Secondly,two methods of eco-environmental quality index(EV)and ecosystem service value(ESV)were used to analyze the impact of the spatial evolution of "three-and ecological systems" on the ecological environment.Finally,based on the research results,the optimization strategy of the spatial pattern of "three and livelihood" in Chongqing is extracted.The results show that:(1)The ecological space in the study area was the dominant space and showed an increasing trend,followed by the production space and living space,which showed a decreasing trend.Among them,agricultural production space and ecological space of forest and grass occupy a large proportion.Urban living space,industrial production space,rural living space and ecological space of forest land are on the rise and expanding rapidly,while agricultural production space and ecological space of grassland are sharply reduced.In the early stage of the study period,the characteristics of agricultural production space and forest and grass ecological space transfer to urban living space and industrial production space,and in the late stage,the characteristics of rural living space and forest and grass ecological space transfer to each other.From 2005 to 2010 and from 2015 to 2020,the spatial pattern of "three to one" showed a higher dynamic attitude and spatial shift trend.(2)There is a strong spatial difference in the spatial transfer of "three crops".The main urban areas are mainly characterized by the transformation of agricultural production space into forest ecological space,urban living space and industrial production space,while the Wuling Mountain area in southeast Chongqing and the Three Gorges Reservoir area in northeast Chongqing are mainly dominated by the mutual transfer of forest and grass ecological space and agricultural production space for city clusters.From the perspective of the overall distribution pattern,the spatial pattern distribution of all kinds of "ecological and ecological" shows a northeastern-southwest trend influenced by regional topographic characteristics.From the perspective of center of gravity migration,ecological space of forest and grass,urban and rural living space,industrial production space all migrated to the northeast,agricultural production space and water ecological space migrated to the southeast,and other ecological space migrated to the southwest.The topographic gradient has a great influence on the spatial distribution of "Sansheng".With the increase of elevation and slope and the transfer from sunny slope to negative slope,the human-dominated production and living space is transformed into the ecological space dominated by nature.At the same time,the spatial pattern of the study period showed a trend of fragmentation,and the area with frequent human activities was usually the area with high fragmentation value.(3)From 2000 to 2020,the eco-environmental quality and eco-service value of Chongqing have been significantly improved,and the eco-environmental quality index and ecosystem service value are similar,showing an overall upward trend in time.Spatially,the boundary line is "Chengkou County-Kaizhou County-Wanzhou District-Zhongxian County-Fengdu County-Fuling District-Banan District-Jiangjin District".The eco-environmental quality and eco-service value were higher in the east and lower in the west,showing a trend of northeast-southwest segmentation.The quantity and distribution of ecological space are important factors for the improvement or deterioration of ecological environment.The conversion of production space to ecological space is an important reason for the improvement of ecological environment,and the conversion of ecological space to production and living space is the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment.With the increase of elevation and slope,the eco-environmental quality of the transfer from sunny slope and semi-sunny slope to negative slope and semi-negative slope increased,but with the change of time,the eco-environmental quality of low slope and low elevation area showed a downward trend.On the contrary,the value of ecosystem services in low elevation and low slope areas was higher and increased year by year.Based on the research results,the following suggestions are put forward for the optimization of the spatial pattern of "three-and ecological" in Chongqing: Based on the analysis of the ecological spatial evolution characteristics and ecological environmental effects,and relying on the ecological spatial pattern of "three zones,four screens,multiple corridors and multiple points",the ecological compensation mechanism is constructed;According to the evolution characteristics of living space,plan to build a pattern of "multi-center,multi-function and gridded" city clusters;According to the characteristics of production space evolution,promote the coordinated development of agriculture in "one district and two groups",and promote the coordinated development of "three livelihood" space and ecological environment in Chongqing. |
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