Changes And Influencing Factors Of Habitat Quality In The Context Of Rural Land Use Transition

With the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization in China,the contradiction between urban and rural people and land,characterized by landscape patch fragmentation and ecological environment deterioration,has intensified,while the rural revitalization strategy and ecological civilization construction have been gradually implemented,and policies such as returning farmland to forest and grass have emerged.In this context,the transformation of rural land use has become the most intuitive spatial change,and the sustainable development of habitat quality has responded.Therefore,understanding the resource game between the natural and artificial built environments in rural areas under the rapid development of urbanization in the past two decades can provide theoretical and practical references for rural planning and rural revitalization in China.The study takes 2000-2020,the period of rapid urbanization,as the time frame,and 38140 villages in 157 counties and 2217 townships in Henan Province as the research areas.The study analyzes the changes of rural land use and the response of habitat quality from the macro perspective at the provincial scale to the micro perspective at the village scale,and clarifies the mechanism of habitat quality changes in rural areas in the past two decades.The study firstly portrays the landscape pattern characteristics and the spatial and temporal evolution of rural land use from provincial to township scales,and then analyzes the habitat quality changes and geographic differentiation from provincial to township scales,based on which the response of habitat quality to land use and the natural and human factors affecting habitat quality are revealed through regression models,and the development strategies for optimizing rural land use are proposed through the analysis of typical cases.Strategies for optimal development of rural land use are proposed through the analysis of typical cases.The conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)In the last two decades,the overall landscape fragmentation in Henan Province has increased,connectivity has decreased,and patch types have increased and shown a trend of balanced spatial distribution;the degree of land use in rural Henan Province increased from 289.63 to 291.39,and the land use shift in rural land between 2000 and 2010 was more dramatic than that between 2010 and 2020,mainly focusing on the conversion of arable land to construction land,which is consistent with the rapid This is consistent with the trend of transition from rapid urbanization to new urbanization.(2)In terms of the types of land use changes in townships,conservative townships account for 73.48% at most,followed by construction land expansion,arable land expansion,etc.,while stable and ecological compound expansion townships account for only 2.03% and 0.86%.It can be seen that the ecological environment gradually gives way to economic construction is the main trend,but the ecological land expansion in some regions also reflects signs of easing land use conflicts.(3)In the past two decades,the overall habitat quality in Henan Province decreased from 0.4777 to 0.4489,still in a decreasing trend,but the habitat degradation index decreased from 0.0477 to 0.0472,and the overall habitat degradation has moderated,reflecting the effectiveness of policy implementation.At present,the habitat quality of most townships in Henan is in a medium state,and the townships with high habitat quality are concentrated in the mountainous and hilly areas,while the townships with low habitat quality are radiated outward to the town centers of Zhengzhou,Luoyang and Kaifeng cities.The average degradation index of the province as a whole is higher than the average of the Yellow River Basin,indicating that the implementation of ecological protection policies in Henan is still in progress and needs some time to be tested.(4)In terms of the types of township sites,the habitat quality of land-complex townships is higher compared to the habitat quality of built-up and arable single sites and binary sites.In terms of the types of land use changes in townships,the habitat quality from low to high is stable,construction-expansion,conservative,farmland-expansion,compound-expansion,ecological-compound-expansion,and ecological-expansion,respectively.It can be seen that habitat quality in areas with small land use changes or stable land use does not keep the habitat quality high,but rather,with proper land use transformation and expansion,the habitat quality will remain high.(5)Rural land use remains an important influencing factor of habitat quality,while forest land,arable land and construction land remain the main influencing forces of rural habitat quality in Henan.The response of habitat quality has obvious spatial variability,and the disadvantages in regional resource background and geographical conditions continue to bring constraints to current and future habitat development.(6)From the perspective of natural and human factors,the interpretation of population on habitat quality has increased significantly,while natural background factors have always been the main influencing factors of habitat quality,with slope,temperature and elevation being the most important.The forces of clay and sand,as well as temperature and precipitation,on habitat quality show opposite spatial distribution patterns,which are mainly reflected in the differences between hills and plains;the distribution ranges of population and GDP are similar,and Xinyang The west,south of Nanyang,and east of Shangqiu show strong positive force;the precipitation shows strong positive force in the area of Sanmenxia-Luoyang-Nanyang,Anyang-Puyang and south of Xinyang;the elevation is in the east of Puyang,Shangqiu-Zhoukou and the Zhumadian-Xinyang area present strong positive forces.It can be seen that different factors have positive or negative effects on habitat quality,with obvious spatial differences.In summary,in the past two decades,the increase of rural land use in Henan Province has caused the fragmentation of landscape pattern and the decline of habitat quality,but the degradation of habitat has eased,reflecting the active implementation of policies.The response of township habitat quality to land use change is spatially differentiated.Local land use types,natural and human factors in townships have a significant impact on township habitat quality.In the future,it is necessary to implement differentiated land use optimization development strategies to truly promote rural habitat and development.