| Cold chain logistics is a professional logistics that uses cold chain technology and equipment to ensure that the whole process of logistics such as storage and transportation of transported products is always at the specified temperature.With the development of China’s economy,the national demand for high-quality fresh food has increased,and cold chain logistics as an important link to ensure food quality,its demand is increasing day by day.Different from general industrial products,cold chain products have the characteristics of timeliness and perishability,due to the current lack of development of cold chain logistics in China,cold chain products are seriously lost during storage and transportation.Therefore,cold chain logistics not only faces carbon emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion and transportation packaging during transportation,but also faces carbon emissions caused by product corruption,which will bring greater environmental pollution than ordinary logistics.Cold chain logistics facilities are costly,technical equipment is highly professional,and companies usually prefer to use third-party cold chain logistics(3PCCL).Therefore,how to promote the high-quality development of 3PCCL enterprises has become the key to solving the problem of insufficient supply of cold chain logistics services and high carbon emissions in the cold chain logistics process.Due to the high cost of cold chain facilities and equipment investment and operation process,3PCCL enterprises lack the enthusiasm to improve service quality,and need the support and guidance of government subsidy policies.On the other hand,reducing carbon emissions requires enterprises to invest funds to improve service quality,and at present,the state has not yet issued a policy specifically for the high carbon emission problem of 3PCCL enterprises,resulting in most 3PCCL enterprises lacking the initiative to reduce emissions.Therefore,it is important to study how 3PCCL enterprises can achieve efficiency growth,energy conservation and emission reduction under the government’s subsidies and carbon tax policies,taking into account economic and environmental benefits.This thesis applies literature research to understand the operating structure of 3PCCL enterprises and the relevant policies for subsidies and carbon taxes for 3PCCL enterprises at home and abroad.System Dynamics(SD)simulation analysis method is applied to construct a basic tree model of flow rate of 3PCCL enterprise operation system according to the systematic understanding of literature research,and the causal feedback structure relationship between various factors is further analyzed by using system dynamics feedback analysis theory.Based on the basic tree model of flow rate,the SD flow graph of 3PCCL enterprise operation system is constructed for model simulation and scheme optimization.According to the SD flow diagram of 3PCCL enterprise operation system,the model is improved considering the subsidy and carbon tax policies respectively,and the different schemes of subsidy and carbon tax policies and the policy effects of different decisions of enterprises are simulated and optimized.Seek the best government subsidy and carbon tax policies and the best decisions for enterprises to promote the development of high-quality and low-carbon emissions of 3PCCL enterprises.The main research content of this thesis includes the following aspects:(1)The causal feedback structure analysis method of system dynamics was applied to determine the important factors affecting the operation performance of 3PCCL enterprises,and the influence mechanism on system operation was analyzed.Using the flow rate basic tree modeling method,firstly,the flow rate system of the 3PCCL enterprise operation system is determined,and the flow rate basic tree model is established.Then,the branch vector determinant is used to calculate all the causal feedback loops of the system.Finally,the molecular system analyzes the causal feedback relationship of the 3PCCL enterprise operation system.The results show that simply increasing production capacity(such as increasing the capacity of cold storage and the number of refrigerated trucks)will not necessarily improve the profitability of enterprises.While improving the production capacity of enterprises,paying attention to the redistribution of corporate profits is used to improve the quality of enterprise services(information level,cold chain equipment perfection,operation level),which will be conducive to increasing the operating income of 3PCCL enterprises,reducing the operating costs of enterprises,and improving the profits of enterprises.(2)Based on the basic tree model of flow rate,the SD simulation model of 3PCCL enterprise operation system is constructed,and the basic model simulation and model verification are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the model.Set up three schemes to improve production capacity,improve service quality,and improve both at the same time,and use the simulation flow graph model to simulate and analyze the scheme.The results show that if 3PCCL enterprises only rely on improving production capacity and neglect to improve service quality,it will lead to increased operating costs,and cannot improve customer satisfaction to improve storage and transportation demand.If you choose to only improve service quality instead of increasing production capacity,the company’s production capacity will be limited and cannot meet the growing customer demand;When choosing to increase both at the same time,although the operating costs of the enterprise are increased,in the long run,compared with other solutions,the storage and transportation business volume of 3PCCL enterprises can be greatly increased,and the profits of 3PCCL enterprises can be significantly improved.(3)Study the impact of government subsidies on the operation of 3PCCL enterprises.Based on the SD flow chart of 3PCCL enterprise operation system,the model is improved according to the subsidy policy,and the flow variable "enterprise service quality" is added as a reference index for the government subsidy ratio.Based on the two subsidy methods of the government directly subsidizing the cost of facilities and equipment such as the expansion of cold storage capacity and the purchase of refrigerated trucks of 3PCCL enterprises,and subsidizing the service quality of 3PCCL enterprises,the scheme simulation was carried out to adjust the subsidy ratio and the investment ratio of enterprises to improve service quality.The results show that increasing the subsidy ratio of the government can effectively improve the total profit and service quality of enterprises.The government’s subsidy ratio policy based on service quality can guide 3PCCL enterprises to appropriately increase the reinvestment ratio,which can make 3PCCL enterprises improve their service quality rapidly and significantly,and their income will increase significantly.(4)In view of the carbon emission problem of 3PCCL enterprises,on the basis of the SD flow diagram of 3PCCL enterprise operation system,the carbon emission subsystem of3 PCCL enterprise operation process is added,and the carbon tax cost is supplemented on the basis of the original operating cost subsystem,and the different schemes of carbon tax rate and carbon tax exemption in the carbon tax policy are simulated and analyzed.It is found that with the increase of carbon tax rate,the total profit of 3PCCL enterprises shows an inverted U-shaped trend of first increasing and then decreasing,while the unit carbon emissions of enterprises show a U-shaped trend of first decreasing and then increasing.With the increase of tax exemption,the total profit of 3PCCL enterprises is increasing,but the carbon emissions per unit of enterprises are also increasing;The government has set a moderate carbon tax rate and carbon tax exemption,and 3PCCL enterprises focus on improving the investment in the quality of corporate services,which can reduce carbon emissions and increase the total profit of 3PCCL enterprises.This thesis enriches the theoretical research on the development of 3PCCL enterprises,government targeted subsidies and carbon tax policies,and enriches the research field of system dynamics combined with qualitative and quantitative research.In order to promote the sustainable development of high-quality and low-carbon emissions of 3PCCL enterprises,the government has formulated more effective subsidies and carbon tax schemes to provide policy suggestions. |
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