Study On Detection Technology Of Camellia Oil And Comprehensive Utilization Of Its By-products

Camellia oil is an important local characteristic high-quality agricultural product in Hunan Province,China.Due to the high nutritional and economic value of camellia oil,the adulteration problem of camellia oil has become increasingly prominent in recent years,endangering the health of consumers.Under normal circumstances,adulteration of camellia oil requires strict testing conditions and high testing costs,which limit the rapid on-site detection of adulterated camellia oil.In addition,camellia oil will generate a large amount of waste after processing.It has high content of nutrients and functional components,and it has high reuse value,but there are problems such as low utilization rate,complex process and environmental pollution.In view of the above problems,this study used local camellia oil as the material to establish a rapid identification method of camellia oil adulteration based on color reaction.Using the by-product camellia meal as raw material,multi-functional activated carbon sachets and camellia meal protein milk beverage were developed,in order to provide theoretical and technical reference for the preservation and enhancement of camellia oil.The main experimental results are as follows:1.Development of rapid detection technology for adulteration of camellia oilIn this study,the content of polyphenols,flavonoids,carotenoids and sterols in five vegetable oils(camellia oil,palm oil,soybean oil,peanut oil and rapeseed oil)was determined,and it was found that the polyphenol content of camellia oil and rapeseed oil was significantly different with polyphenol content of rapeseed oil,there was no significant difference with soybean oil and peanut oil,which were 74.98±6.27 mg/kg and 435.11±66.54 mg/kg,respectively.On this basis,the detection effects of tartaric acid colorimetry,Folin phenol method and vanillin concentrated hydrochloric acid method on adulteration of camellia oil were investigated.The effect of vanillin-concentrated hydrochloric acid method on the color development of camellia oil mixed with different types and proportions of edible oil was investigated,and it was found that the color reaction phenomenon was the most obvious when camellia oil was mixed with rapeseed oil.Taking the correlation coefficient R~2 between the visible light absorption value at 500 nm and the adulteration ratio as the standard,the optimal conditions were screened.Under the optimal conditions,camellia oil with adulterated concentration of 5%rapeseed oil could be detected.2.Preparation and properties of multi Antibacterial activated carbon sachetsUsing camellia meal as raw material,the activated carbon from camellia meal was prepared by phosphoric acid activation method and one-step activated carbonization method.Single factor experiments were designed with the standard of iodine adsorption value.The ratio of meal is 2:1,the concentration of phosphoric acid solution is 65%,and the activation carbonization time is 1.5 h.The characterization results of scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),specific surface area analysis(BET)and infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)showed that the surface of Camellia oleifera activated carbon was dominated by mesopores,with an average pore size of 4.7 nm and a number of mesopores.It is positively related to the degree of erosion of cellulose and hemicellulose on the surface of camellia meal.Two strains of spoilage fungi were isolated from common refrigerators,and identified as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus sydowii by morphological observation and gene sequencing.Screening ofβ-cyclodextrin-trans-2-hexenal inclusion complex(β-CDIC),β-cyclodextrin-citronellal inclusion complex(β-CDCN),β-cyclodextrin-cinnamaldehyde The inhibitory activities of the inclusion complex(β-CDCA)andβ-cyclodextrin-linalool inclusion complex(β-CDLA)against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus polydulans were determined,and the optimal inclusion complex wasβ-CDIC.The optimal ratio of activated carbon inclusion compounds was screened,and it was found that the antibacterial effect was the best when the ratio of activated carbon toβ-CDIC was 0.6:1.At the same time,the formaldehyde adsorption capacity and the slow-release performance of essential oils of sachets were investigated.The test results showed that the formaldehyde adsorption capacity of the antibacterial activated carbon sachet reached the level of commercially available activated carbon,and its sustained release performance was comparable to that ofβ-CDIC.3.Research on preparation technology of camellia meal protein beverageThe amino acid composition of Camellia oleifera meal protein was analyzed by LC-MS,and the results showed that Camellia oleifera meal protein contained 8essential amino acids,such as isoleucine,leucine,valine,and histidine,accounting for36.517%of the total amino acids.It shows that camellia meal protein is a high-quality protein.Using activated carbon as the decolorizing agent of camellia meal protein,the decolorization process of camellia meal protein was optimized by single factor experiment,and the optimal decolorization process conditions were determined as follows:the addition amount of decolorizing agent was 40%,the treatment temperature was 10℃,and the treatment time was 20 h.The formula of camellia meal protein milk beverage was optimized by single factor test and orthogonal experiment,and the optimal formula was determined as the addition of camellia meal protein 3%,sucrose addition 5.5%,and stabilizer addition 0.3%.Under the optimal formula,the sensory score was 86.10±5.30,the centrifugal sedimentation rate was 4.88%±1.29%,and the coloring index was 1.01±0.10.The prepared camellia bean protein milk beverage is sweet and sour,with pleasant flavor,and its protein content and hygienic indexes meet the requirements of GB/T 21732-2008 and GB/T 6432-2018.In this study,a rapid detection method of camellia oil adulteration based on chromogenic reaction was developed,which can detect camellia oil adulteration quickly and at low cost,and can effectively curb the phenomenon of camellia oil adulteration.In addition,in this study,camellia meal was developed into two products,antibacterial activated carbon and camellia meal vegetable protein milk beverage,which improved the utilization rate of camellia meal,which is a new idea to solve the problem of the utilization of camellia meal.At the same time,this study promotes the healthy development of Camellia oleifera industry,and can provide theoretical and technical reference for Camellia oleifera processing and safety.