Study On Ecological Security Evaluation System Of Resource-Exhausted Towns Based On PSR Model

In recent years,China has continuously explored the transformation path of resource-exhausted cities,and has achieved certain results.However,there are few studies on coal resource-exhausted villages and towns,and most resource-exhausted villages and towns face a series of problems,such as the ecological environment damage caused by excessive exploitation of resources,slow social and economic development,high ecological governance costs,and insufficient endogenous power for transformation.How to effectively solve this series of problems is the key to promoting the construction of green livable villages and towns.At the same time,the problem of ecological security has become a common security problem of mankind,and its influence and threat are becoming more and more prominent.Based on the theory of system science and landscape ecology,this study finds out the current situation of resource-exhausted villages and towns through field investigation and data collection.Taking the ecological security of resource-exhausted villages and towns in Jiawang District as an example,this paper deeply analyzes the topography,land use and resource distribution of six resource-exhausted villages and towns,and uses the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to construct the ecological security evaluation system of resource-exhausted villages and towns.The pressure index(Pressure),state index(State)and response index(Response)are three first-level indicators and 10second-level indicators.28 three-level indicators,and use the AHP-variation coefficient method to obtain the subjective expert scoring weight and the objective weighting weight,and determine the final weight of the indicator according to the weighted average method.According to the constructed PSR evaluation model,Citespace2022,Arc GIS10.2,Fragstats4.2.1,SPSS22.0,ENVI5.3 and other analysis software were used to analyze and evaluate the ecological security status of resource-exhausted villages and towns in Jiawang District.Finally,based on the K-means classification method,villages and towns are divided into four categories,and corresponding optimization strategies are proposed respectively.The research contents of this topic are as follows :(1)Based on the CNKI database,4275 papers were retrieved,and Citespace2022 software was used to extract and co-occurrence analysis of keywords.The connotation of ’ resource depletion ’ was comprehensively interpreted,and the concepts of resource-exhausted areas,resource-exhausted cities and resource-exhausted villages and towns were analyzed respectively.The concept of coal resource-exhausted villages and towns is defined,which provides a theoretical basis for further research on the characteristics and evaluation system of coal resource-exhausted villages and towns.(2)Based on the previous theoretical research and analysis,the actual survey objectives and ideas of resource-exhausted villages and towns are designed.Through field visits and observations,villagers questionnaires,government interviews,and departmental data collection,the characteristics of topography and rural layout,land use and resource distribution,social economy and industrial development,public services and infrastructure,resource exploitation and ecological restoration in the study area were analyzed.Summarize the main characteristics and ecological security problems of resource-exhausted villages and towns,preliminarily analyze its causes and guide the selection of evaluation indicators for resource-exhausted villages and towns.(3)Based on the characteristics of the status quo and ecological problems of coal resource-exhausted villages and towns,an evaluation system was established.According to the literature search and PSR model theory,an evaluation index library consisting of 127 indicators was constructed.Then 78 indicators were selected by social survey method and arithmetic mean method.Finally,the final 28 evaluation indicators were determined according to the expert scoring method.Due to the complexity of the evaluation index system in this study,the weight is determined by the AHP-variation coefficient method combining subjective and objective methods,and the comprehensive weight is determined by the weighted average of the two weights.(4)The ecological security of six resource-exhausted villages and towns in Jiawang District was evaluated by using the constructed evaluation index system.The original data sources were based on remote sensing image data,department statistical yearbook and data,villagers ’ survey questionnaire and actual survey data.The remote sensing image data were preprocessed by radiation correction,projection transformation,geometric correction,atmospheric correction and mask extraction,and then the land type characteristics were judged by visual interpretation.A total of500 land type training samples were selected,and the land use data of resource-exhausted villages and towns in Jiawang District were extracted by supervised classification-minimum distance method in ENVI5.3 software.The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate and analyze the samples.(5)Based on the K-means clustering method,the coal resource-exhausted towns and villages are classified.The coal resource-exhausted towns and villages in Jiawang District are further divided into four categories : growing towns and villages,mature towns and villages,regenerative towns and villages,and declining towns and villages.Following the basic principles of classification guidance and characteristic development,according to the differences in the geographical spatial distribution,main resource supply capacity and sustainable development capacity of each town and village,the development goals of various coal resource-exhausted towns and villages and the development model of comprehensive management are clarified.