| Global climate change poses a huge threat to human society.Electrification of transportation can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption.As a key core technology of new energy vehicles,lithium ion batteries have become an important force in promoting the transformation of electrification in various countries.However,the rapid growth in the production and use of power batteries has brought about resource shortages and energy consumption issues.For example,the upstream cathode materials required for the production of lithium batteries include metal minerals(nickel,cobalt,lithium),and there is a strategic supply risk in the complex international environment.At the same time,China has ushered in the peak of large-scale power lithium battery retirement,and the recycling and recycling industry of used lithium batteries is gradually emerging.As an emerging industry,the lithium battery recycling industry,life cycle assessment(LCA)has become a current research hotspot;How does the recycling and regeneration process of waste lithium batteries meet the requirements of cleaner production and green development of enterprises compared to traditional primary resource ore smelting processes.Therefore,based on the idea of LCA,this study conducts a horizontal comparative study of two typical production processes for lithium battery cathode materials from the perspectives of energy consumption and carbon footprint,environmental impact,and comprehensive cost.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Collect the process flow and relevant material parameters of raw ore smelting and production of cathode materials,as well as recycling and regeneration of cathode materials from waste lithium batteries,and build a life cycle material inventory model for the production of NCM811 series ternary cathode materials.Material flow analysis,cumulative energy demand analysis,and carbon footprint analysis were conducted for the production processes of two lithiumbattery cathode materials,and scenario analysis was conducted based on the future energy structure transformation in China to predict the carbon emission reduction potential of the two processes.The results showed that the waste lithium battery recycling and regeneration process has more advantages in low carbon emissions.(2)By establishing a life cycle material inventory model for the raw oresmelting production process and the recycling and regeneration process of used lithium batteries,the Eco-Indicator 99 environmental impact assessment method was used to calculate 11 environmental impact characterization indicators for two production processes of NCM811 series ternary cathode materials,analyze various impact contributions,and normalize the environmental impact characteri zation indicators to compare the human health damage caused by the two processes Environmental impact from ecosystem quality damage and resource damage,and the recycling and regeneration process of waste lithium batteries is more environmentally friendly.(3)Using the life cycle cost(LCC)theory,a cost factor distribution model for the production of ternary cathode materials for two processes was constructed.Based on enterprise project data,Crystal Ball software was used to analyze the life cycle cost per ton of product for the production of ternary cathode materials for two process paths.Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the randomness of the process comprehensive cost,combining with the cost factortornado diagram,Analyze the risk sensitivity of each sub unit to the comprehensive cost of the product life cycle. |
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