| Radix aristolochiae is the dry root of the aristolochia plant aristolochia debilis Sieb.et Zucc,which has the effects of relieving liver pain,detoxifying and swelling.It is often used alone and in combination as dizziness,headache,abdominal pain,bloated and scabies,snake bite,etc.The traditional Chinese medicine is widely planted in East China.Due to reports that it contains carcinogenic and nephrotoxic aristolochic acid ingredients,Radix aristolochiae and other traditional Chinese medicines containing such ingredients such as Guan Mutong and Guang Fangji are banned,but there are still many Chinese medicines containing aristolochic acid ingredients in It is widely used in Chinese medicine compound and preparations.In order to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of many Chinese medicines containing aristolochic acid,and to explore the excellent medicinal value of this kind of medicinal materials,this paper takes Radix aristolochiae,which is high in aristolochic acid as an example,based on the theory of Chinese medicine compatibility and Chinese medicine Processing theory method,using the toxic component-aristolochic acid I as the toxicity index,to study the attenuation of Radix aristolochiae,in order to explore the scientific nature of traditional Chinese medicine in reducing toxicity through compatibility and processing theory;The bionic processing method was used to explore its attenuating effect on Radix aristolochiae and its possible attenuating mechanism,which laid a foundation for the attenuating and surviving effects of toxic Chinese medicinal materials.Finally,the paper studies the content of the toxic component of aristolochic acid in the Radix aristolochiae extract obtained by traditional and modern preparation methods,and the transfer of aristolochic acid in Chinese herbal medicines containing aristolochic acid components in different preparation methods To discuss the rationality of traditional and modern preparation methods in ensuring the safety of traditional Chinese medicine.The specific research content and results of this paper are as follows:1.A method for the detection and analysis of aristolochic acid I was established by HPLC.Methodological investigation showed that aristolochic acid was used under the conditions that the mobile phase was methanol:water:formic acid(65:35:1),the detection wavelength was 250 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 25℃,and the injection volume was 10 μL.The peak shape of I is symmetrical,the resolution with the nearby chromatographic peak is greater than 1.5,and the injection volume and peak area are within the concentration range of 5.0～160.0μg/mL It has a good linear relationship.The sample recovery and precision tests show that the method is accurate and has high precision and good reproducibility.It can be used for the determination method of aristolochic acid I in samples.2.According to the theory of compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine,the compound proportion of Longdanxiegan decoction was selected,and the compatibility of Radix aristolochiae was attenuated by HPLC.The results show that:according to the requirements of Chinese medicine decoction,when the water is used as the solvent for decoction,the content of aristolochic acid I in the compound Chinese herbal medicines when decoctioned together is greatly reduced compared with the content of single decoction of Radix aristolochiae.In addition,When 70%ethanol is used as a solvent for extraction,the effect of attenuating cannot be achieved.When extracting with alcohol,it can not achieve the effect of attenuating.Therefore,Chinese medicinal materials containing aristolochic acid components such as Radix aristolochiae can be attenuated by compatibility,but it should be noted that water should be used as a solvent,and the original liquid obtained by decoction of various traditional Chinese medicines according to the compound ratio can make the compatibility attenuated.Play to the best.3.According to the traditional Chinese medicine processing theory,first collect five processing methods to process Radix aristolochiae.The results showed that the methods of alkali preparation,alkali-roasted coke and alkali-vinegar roasting had significant effects on the removal of aristolochic acid I.However,when using the alkali method,in addition to the attenuating effect,the problem of retention should also be considered.Therefore,the experiment of incubating aristolochic acid I in pig liver homogenate was designed.The results showed that aristolochic acid I was completely converted after 32 h.The detoxification route is the same.Based on this,the bionic processing experiment of Radix aristolochiae was designed.The results showed that the bionic processing method of liver homogenate was effective for attenuating Radix aristolochiae,and it was better to use decoction pieces or oblique tablets in practice.And further analysis results show that the aristolochic acid I and its analogues contained in Radix aristolochiae can be converted into low-toxic or non-toxic components by bionic processing of liver homogenate,and further converted into more water-soluble glycosides and sulfonation Derivatives,to achieve the purpose of processing and detoxification,while the content of many other ingredients has not changed significantly,to achieve the effect of reducing toxicity.Finally,the experiment of roasting Radix aristolochiae with liver homogenate was designed.This method also has a certain effect on attenuating Radix aristolochiae,but the effect is worse than the bionic processing method.4.According to the traditional and modern Chinese medicine extraction process,HPLC method was used to study the transfer of aristolochic acid during the extraction of Radix aristolochiae in different medicinal materials,extraction solvents,different utensils and drying methods.The results show that:Chinese herbal medicines containing aristolochic acid should not be crushed,and the second should not be extracted with alcohol-containing solvents.It is better to use decoction pieces for decoction according to traditional Chinese medicine usage habits.In addition,in traditional family-style decoction,Radix aristolochiae pieces can be used as medicine to boil in water in ceramic casseroles and stainless steel utensils.During production,it is recommended to use decoction pieces into medicinal stainless steel equipment for extraction,reduced pressure concentration,and open-style steam-drying The production process of drying under normal pressure is better.The above research on the attenuating Radix aristolochiae according to the Chinese medicine compatibility theory,Chinese medicine processing theory and bionic processing methods,and the transfer of toxic components of Radix aristolochiae by different preparation methods are provided for the safe use of Chinese herbal medicines containing aristolochic acid toxic components This laid a solid foundation and provided new methods and ideas for the theory of Chinese medicine processing. |
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