| Objective: Through dietary survey,dietary patterns consistent with dietary habits of residents in Yulin City,Shaanxi Province were obtained to analyze the association between dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hyperuricemia,and to provide reference suggestions for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods: The subjects were newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients(T2DM group),newly diagnosed hyperuricemia patients(HUA group),and newly diagnosed type2 diabetes with hyperuricemia patients(T2DM combined with HUA group)who visited the Department of Endocrinology outpatient department of Yulin First Hospital,Yulin Second Hospital and Xingyuan Hospital from October 2020 to October 2021.In addition,according to the ratio of 1:2,healthy people with the same gender and age were selected as the normal control group.The semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire(FFQ)and international Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ)were used to investigate diet and physical activity,and the data of demographic characteristics,physical examination and laboratory examination were collected.Excel 2007 was used for database establishment and SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Statistical data were expressed as constituent ratio n(%),and χ2 test was used for comparison between groups.Measurement data satisfying normal distribution were represented by(3±S,and comparison between groups was compared by t-test.P50(P25-P75)was used for measurement data that did not meet the normal distribution,and Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups.The dietary pattern was established by factor analysis.A regression model was established,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with disease status as dependent variable and factor score as independent variable,and the association between disease occurrence and dietary pattern was obtained.Significance value P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 1.Basic situation analysis: a total of 566 subjects received complete questionnaires and information in this study,including 241 subjects in normal control group,86 subjects in T2 DM combined with HUA group,126 subjects in T2 DM group and 113 subjects in HUA group.(1)T2DM group and control group: Difference on the age,household registration,occupation,family history of diabetes,smoking and physical activity between the two groups has statistical significance(P<0.05).(2)HUA group and control group: Difference on the gender,age,occupation,family history of diabetes and smoking status between the two groups has statistical significance(P<0.05).(3)T2DM combined with HUA group and control group: Difference on the gender,age,family history of diabetes,smoking status and physical activity between the two groups has statistical significance(P<0.05).2.Analysis of physical examination and laboratory examination indicators:(1)T2DM group and control group: Compared with the control group,the values of SBP,DBP,WC,BMI,Hb A1 c,FPG,TC,TG,LDL-C and UA in T2 DM group were higher in T2 DM group,while the HDL-C values were lower,and the difference have statistically sense(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the SBP,DBP,WC,BMI,TC,TG,LDL-C and UA values of the HUA group were higher,while the HDL-C values were lower,and the difference have statistically sense(P<0.05).(3)T2DM combined with HUA group and control group: Compared with the control group,the SBP,DBP,WC,BMI,Hb A1 c,FPG,TC,TG,LDL-C and UA values of T2 DM combined with HUA group were higher,while the HDL-C values were lower,and the difference have statistically sense(P<0.05).3.Dietary intake results: The average daily intake of the subjects was(439±131)g of grains and potatoes,(265±135)g of vegetables,(192±126)g of fruits,(104±98)g of livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products,(32±27)g of eggs,(98±298)g of milk and its products,and(26±25)g of soybeans and nuts.4.Dietary pattern: a total of 5 dietary factors were determined,named as "meat and wine dietary pattern",including animal offal,meat,wine and seafood;"Western fast food meal model" : includes fast food,processed meats,sugary drinks,poultry;"Healthy diet" :including fruit,tea,nuts,poultry;"Traditional diet pattern" : including vegetables,grains and potatoes staple foods,beans;"Egg pickles dietary pattern" : including eggs,pickled vegetables.5.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis:(1)T2DM group and dietary pattern: the risk of T2 DM in individuals with Q2 and Q3 levels was 2.737 and 7.014 times higher than that in Q1 level after adjusting for covariants in "meat and alcohol diet pattern"(95%CI: 1.157-6.471;95%CI: 2.227-22.088).Adjusted for covariates,Q3 levels were3.612 times higher than Q1 levels in healthy eating patterns(95%CI: 1.330-9.809).Adjusted for covariates,Q3 levels in the "traditional dietary pattern" were 0.254 times higher than Q1 levels(95%CI: 0.097-0.665).(2)HUA group and dietary pattern: adjusted covariates of Q2 and Q3 in "meat and wine dietary pattern" were 6.419 times and 88.843 times of Q1,respectively(95%CI: 1.987-20.735;95% CI: 22.610-349.099).The Q3 level of "Western fast food diet model" was 9.908 times higher than Q1 level after adjusting covariates(95%CI: 2.943-33.360).(3)T2DM combined with HUA group and dietary pattern: adjusted covariates Q2 and Q3 were 5.062 times and 16.535 times of Q1 in "meat and wine dietary pattern"(95%CI: 1.619-15.831;95% CI: 3.770-72.524).Q2 and Q3 levels adjusted for covariates in "Western fast food meal pattern" were 5.154 times and 15.573 times of Q1 level respectively(95%CI: 1.152-23.063;95% CI: 2.930-62.883).Q2 and Q3 levels in the "egg pickles dietary pattern" were 4.647 times and 3.981 times higher than Q1 levels(95%CI: 1.376-15.695;95% CI: 1.048-15.115).Conclusion:(1)T2DM complicated with HUA is associated with "meat and wine diet pattern","western fast food diet pattern" and "egg pickles diet pattern".All three dietary patterns are risk factors for the disease.The intake of red meat,processed meat,sugary drinks and pickled vegetables should be emphasized in the prevention and treatment of diseases.(2)T2DM was associated with "meat alcohol diet pattern" and "traditional diet pattern".In the prevention and treatment of diseases,we should focus on the intake of animal fat and alcohol,and advocate the intake of vegetables,whole grains,beans and so on.(3)HUA is associated with "meat and wine diet pattern" and "Western fast food diet pattern".In the prevention and treatment of diseases,it is important to intervene the intake of high-purine food and sugary drinks.(4)Comparison between dietary intake of Residents in Yulin city and Chinese dietary pagoda: the average intake of soybean and nut food basically conforms to the recommended intake;Vegetables,fruits,eggs,dairy foods below the recommended intake;The average intake of cereals,tubers,livestock,poultry and aquatic products was higher than the recommended intake. |
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