| Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.),also known as Lianhua,Furong,Yuhuan,etc.,is an aquatic perennial herb plant.Lotus has important economic value,cultural value and ornamental value.It has a long history of cultivation and utilization in China.Lotus seeds and leaves are in the list of homologous medicine and food(the second batch)released by the Ministry of health.Lotus leaf is mainly used for decocting traditional Chinese medicine or drinking in combination with other Chinese herbal medicines,or as an auxiliary ingredient in the food and health care products industry.At present,the utilization rate of lotus leaf resources in China is less than 1%,which is resulting in a great waste of resources.Therefore,in this study the diversity of chemical components of lotus leaves among 22 Flower lotus germplasm resources was studied,in order to screen the valuable flower lotus germplasm resources and provid important basic data for breeding lotus varieties used in both flower and leaf.The main research contents are as follows:1.The volatile oil of lotus leaves was extracted by steam distillation.The determination results of volatile oil content showed that there were significant differences among different varieties of lotus leaves.The volatile oil content of lotus leaves ranged from 2.27-10.73 m L/100 g,the highest variety was Cuihehongyan,the lowest was Chang’ezuiwu,and the average content was 6.35 m L/100 g.The volatile oil components of lotus leaves were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and then compared with the NIST 17 database for the detection of soles by Xcalibur software,and combined with the published literature for manual analysis.A total of 105 components were identified,accounting for 99.05%-99.95% of the volatile oil content.The main volatile components were vegetable alcohol,palmitic acid ɑ-Eucalyptus,geraniol,linalool,phytone,beta Damascus,methyl linolenate,arachidonic acid,1-hexadecene,undecane,octafluorocyclobutane,2-methylnonadecane,4,7-dimethylundecane.Among them,9 species are the common components of all tested varieties,accounting for 32.07%-58.46% of the total content of volatile oil in lotus leaves,and the relative content of alcohol compounds is the highest.It was found that there was no correlation between the morphological characteristics of Flower lotus such as plant type,flower color and flower type and the content and composition of volatile oil.Cluster analysis was carried out with the relative content of all volatile components in lotus leaves as variables.The results showed that at the distance of 20,22 kinds of lotus leaves were divided into three groups,of which Shuguangxiu was divided into two groups alone.Shuguangxiu had 72 volatile components,with a content of 99.79%;Australian lotus,Fengjuanhongqi and Chang’ezuiwu form a group;The other 18 varieties form a group.At the same time,the relative content of common volatile components in lotus leaves was used as a variable for cluster analysis.At a distance of 20,22 kinds of lotus leaves were divided into two groups.Chang’ezuiwu,Xingkongmudan,Donghe,Xinpizhenhong,Australian lotus and Fengjuanhongqi were clustered into one group,and the other 16 varieties were clustered into one group.2.The flavonoids from lotus leaves were extracted by solvent extraction method.With rutin standard curve as reference,the absorbance was measured at 510 nm wavelength to calculate the content of flavonoids.The results showed that the content of flavonoids in 22 lotus leaf varieties was 0.0263-0.0447 μg/m L,and the average content was 0.0352 μg/m L.The flavonoid contents of Australian lotus and Gongdeng are the same(0.0267 μg/m L),Xinshengguo and Qiuyue are the same(0.0403 μg/m L),Xingkongmudan and Xinpizhenhong are the same(0.0323 μg/m L),Qiuyu and Xiangsidou are the same(0.0347 μg/m L),Fanxing has the lowest flavonoid content(0.0263 μg/m L),and Thailand wild lotus VI has the highest flavonoid content(0.0447μg/m L),There were significant differences in flavone content among other varieties.3.The alkaloids of lotus leaves were extracted by acid extraction and alkali precipitation combined with organic solvent extraction and purification.With the standard curve of lotus leaves as the reference,the absorbance was measured at the wavelength of 420 nm to calculate the content of alkaloids.The results showed that the alkaloid content of lotus leaves ranged from 0.02-0.467 μg/m L,and the average content was 0.0954 μg/m L.The alkaloid content of Australian lotus and Shuguangxiu was the same,and the alkaloid content was the lowest;The alkaloid content of Qingbouyuhuan is the highest,and there are significant differences among other varieties. |
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