Influencing Factors On Mental Health For Caregivers Of Asthmatic Children Based On Pearlin Stress Model

ObjectiveBased on the Pearlin stress model,this study investigated the mental health situation of caregivers of asthmatic children,and comprehensively analyzed the factors affecting the mental health of caregivers of asthmatic children from three aspects: environmental factors,stressors and care adjustment factors.To further construct a structural equation model among the influencing factors,analyze the action path of each influencing factor,provides a theoretical reference for clinical nurses to formulate measures to improve the mental health of caregivers of asthmatic children.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey.From August 2020 to January 2021,convenience sampling was used to recruit 337 caregivers of children with asthma in the Pediatric Internal Medicine Clinic in a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Qingdao.The survey was carried out using the General Information Questionnaire,the Safety and First Aid of the China Residents Health Literacy Questionnaire,the Coping Health Inventory for Parents,the General Function Sub-scale of the Family Assessment Device,and the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire.SPSS 25.0 software was used to perform statistical description,Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation analysis,independent sample t-test or one-way ANOVA,and multiple linear regression analysis of caregiver mental health scores.AMOS 24.0 software was used to construct and validate the structural equation model between the factors influencing the mental health of the caregivers of asthmatic children to conduct the pathway analysis between the influencing factors.P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results1.The scores of mental health for 337 caregivers of asthmatic children were(2.52 ±2.33).Among them,the total score of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire,the scores of the self-affirmation sub-scale,the anxiety sub-scale and the depression sub-scale were and the(7.60 ± 1.25),(0.94 ± 1.22)and(0.18 ± 0.50),respectively.2.One-way analysis of mental health for caregivers of asthmatic children showed that there were significant differences in mental health scores among different stages of asthma course,asthma control,times of absenteeism,the relationship with children,education level,occupation,average daily care time,work affected situation and family monthly income(all P <0.05).3.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the mental health for caregivers of asthmatic children were the times of absenteeism,the relationship with children,family monthly income,first-aid literacy,coping style and family function(all P <0.05).Together,the above variables explain 61.3% of the total variation in mental health for caregivers of asthmatic children.4.Correlation analysis showed that the mental health scores of caregivers of asthmatic children were negatively correlated with first-aid literacy,coping style,and positively correlated with family function.The first-aid literacy was positively correlated with coping style,and negatively correlated with family function;coping styles were negatively correlated(all P <0.01).5.Structural equation model of mental health for caregivers of asthmatic children showed that there were three paths of effect of first-aid literacy on caregivers’ mental health: first-aid literacy to mental health,first-aid literacy to family function to mental health and first-aid literacy to coping style to mental health.The total effect of first-aid literacy on mental health was 0.758,which direct effect of 0.308.The indirect effect of first-aid literacy to coping style to mental health was 0.364,and the anther indirect effect of first-aid literacy to family function to mental health was 0.086.Conclusions1.Based on the score of mental health of caregivers,the mental health situation for caregivers of asthmatic children was at a medium to upper level,in which the degree of self-affirmation is higher.2.Based on the Pearlin stress model,the three levels of influencing factors on the mental health of caregivers of asthmatic children include: the relationship with children,first-aid literacy,times of absenteeism,family monthly income,family function and coping style.3.The first-aid literacy has a direct impact on the mental health of caregivers of asthmatic children,and can also indirectly affect the mental health of caregivers through the mediating effect of family function and coping styles.This showed that fully enhancing the first-aid literacy of caregivers was an important way to improve the mental health of caregivers.