Study On Patients’ Usage Intention To Nursing Robots And Its Influencing Factors

Background and ObjectivesNursing robot is an important supplement to the human resources of hospital nurses,which can reduce the workload of nurses and improve the quality of patient care.However,since robot technology is still in its infancy in the field of patient health care,patients’ usage intition to it are still unclear.Therefore,under the guidance of theories related to technology acceptance,this study intends to explore patients’ usage intition to nursing robot and its influencing factors,in order to provide reference for the future construction of strategies to promote the patients’ usage intition to nursing robot and improve patients’ user experience,and to provide reference for the realization of nursing robots to better serve patients.Contents and MethodsQualitative study on patients’ usage intention to nursing robotThe researchers adopted the descriptive phenomenology research method in qualitative research to recruit patients from June to October 2022 in a Grade A hospital in Shanghai by objective sampling method.Semi-structured interview method was used to collect research data,and the seven-step Colaizzi analysis method was used to form themes and sub-themes to explore patients’ willingness to use nursing robots.The Development and reliability and validity test of the questionnaire of patients’ usage intention to nursing robot and its influencing factorsThe researchers used literature review method to search domestic and foreign databases,collated and summarized theoretical literatures related to technology acceptance and use,combined with expert group meetings and the characteristics of this study,developed a questionnaire of patients’ usage intention to nursing robot and influencing factors by referring to domestic and foreign mature scales,and tested its reliability and validity.Study on validation of patients’ usage intention to nursing robot and its influencing factors modelThe researchers adopted a cross-sectional survey method to recruit survey subjects in a third-class A hospital in Shanghai from October to December 2022 by convenience sampling method.A cross-sectional survey was carried out using the designed general data table and the questionnaire on patients’ usage intention to nursing robot and its influencing factors.The questionnaires were issued and retrieved by the researchers themselves and trained investigators.SPSS21.0 software was used to code and organize the collected questionnaires,and descriptive analysis,reliability and validity test and one-way analysis of variance of the data were conducted.AMOS24.0 software was used to verify the goodness of fit of the hypothesis model of patients’ intention to use nursing robots and influencing factors,and to revise the model and verify the hypothesis.ResultsQualitative research results of patients’ usage intention to nursing robotsThrough semi-structured interviews with 20 patients,5 themes and 15 sub-themes were finally separated out: Perceived benefits(perceived functional benefits,perceived relative advantages,perceived application prospects),realistic challenges(far away from themselves,not ready physically and mentally,perceived relative disadvantages),different intentions to use(positive and expected,neutral and wait-and-see,negative and questioning,contradictory and changing),human-machine-environment factors(patient factors,robot factors,and environment)Environmental factors),functional needs(health care,life care).The results of this study further improved the theoretical framework of patients’ willingness to use nursing robots and influencing factors,and provided a reference for the design and development of further research programs.The Development and reliability and validity test of the questionnaire of patients’ usage intention to nursing robot and its influencing factorsThis study developed and formed a questionnaire of patients’ usage intention to nursing robot and influencing factors with 11 dimensions and 38 items,which were scored by Likert7 level.The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the overall questionnaire was 0.953,and the Cronbach’s α coefficient of each variable was between 0.854 and 0.966.The validity test results were as follows: KMO value was 0.936,FI was 0.696～0.972,AVE was0.690～0.899,CR was 0.837～0.978;The discriminative validity(AVE)is greater than the absolute value of correlation coefficients of each dimension,so the reliability and validity of the questionnaire are good.In addition,the questionnaire is convenient to fill in and feasible,which provides an effective measurement tool for the follow-up study to evaluate the willingness of Chinese patients to use nursing robots and its influencing factors.Study on validation of patients’ usage intention to nursing robot and its influencing factors modelA total of 420 questionnaires were distributed and 382 were recovered,among which335 were effectively recovered.The survey results showed that:(1)Patients’ usage intention to nursing robot scored(4.61±1.486)points,indicating that patients’ usage intention to nursing robot was moderate and positive.The remaining variables were equally divided from high to low as performance expectation,attitude,privacy concern,effort expectation,individual innovation,functional risk,system quality,physical risk,social influence,and promotion condition.(2)Patients with different gender,education,occupation,average monthly income,long-term residence and experience related to nursing robots had statistically significant differences in the scores of their usage intention.(3)The results of structural equation model showed that the modified fitting results of structural equation model were acceptable.Attitude,individual innovation,promotion condition,performance expectation,effort expectation and privacy concern had a positive effect on the usage intention,while physical risk had a negative effect on the usage intention,and social influence had no significant effect on the usage intention.System quality significantly affects the usage intention through the influence of attitude,and functional risk significantly affects the usage intention through the physical risk.Conclusion1.Patients perceive the benefits of nursing robots: functional benefits,relative advantages and application prospects.They also believe that the use of nursing robots faces practical challenges: they are far away from themselves,have not prepared physically and mentally,and perceive relative disadvantages.Positive and expectation,neutral and wait-and-see,negative and questioning,contradiction and change,may be due to man-machine-environment factors together affect the use of intention: patient factors,robot factors,environmental factors,at the same time,patients expressed their functional needs for nursing robots: health care,life care.2.Based on the qualitative research results,literature reading and expert consultation,this study developed the Questionnaire on patients’ usage intention to nursing robot and its Influencing Factors,and tested its reliability and validity in the application of nursing robots in Chinese third-class hospitals.Finally,a 38-item questionnaire with 11 dimensions(attitude,individual innovation,system quality,social influence,promotion conditions,performance expectation,effort expectation,privacy concern,functional risk and physical risk)was established.3.This study constructed a theoretical model of patients’ usage intention to nursing robot,and the results showed that attitude,personal innovation,faciliating conditions,performance expectation,effort expectation,and privacy concern positively affected the usage intention,physical risk negatively affected the intention to use,and social influence had no significant effect on the intention to use.System quality significantly affects the usage intention through the influence of attitude,and functional risk significantly affects the usage intention through the physical risk.