| Background and objectives:Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China,ranked fourth in the incidence of malignant tumors,the third in mortality,preoperative accurate judgment of the depth of invasion of gastric cancer is crucial to the choice of treatment methods,at present in the evaluation of the depth of early gastric cancer invasion mainly relies on white light endoscopy,ultrasound endoscopy and magnifying endoscopy combined with narrowband imaging technology,the effect has certain limitations,the current research has found a large number of molecular markers for the early diagnosis of early gastric cancer,but lack of such molecular markers that are highly sensitive to the depth of invasion,A previous study using single-cell sequencing technology to explore the molecular characteristics of gastric precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer found that OR51E1 can be used as a potential molecular marker in the early stage of gastric cancer,and this study will use bioinformatics technology to preliminarily explore the clinical significance of OR51E1 expression in gastric cancer in terms of depth of invasion.Methods:1.Bioinformatics methods: Firstly,the gene expression data of gastric cancer patients and the clinical data of patients were obtained in the TCGA database,the gene expression data and clinical data of patients were sorted out in Perl language,the expression of OR51E1 in normal gastric tissues and gastric cancer tissues was compared by SPSSPRO software,and the expression of OR51E1 in gastric cancer patients with different sexes,ages,Grades,N stages,M stages and T stages was analyzed and compared.Based on the expression of OR51E1 in gastric cancer patients with different T stages in TCGA,the ROC curve was plotted using Graph Pad Prim software.The survival analysis of OR51E1 expression in two groups of patients was carried out,and the mechanism of action was analyzed using Linked Omics database and Metascape database.2.Immunohistochemical methods: According to early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer,Randbetween()function was used to randomly select patients with complete gastric cancer from September 2020 to November 2022,and finally 45 gastric cancer patients were obtained as research objects,and 3 normal gastric tissues were randomly selected,and then the tissue sections of the included people were stained with HE staining and immunohistochemical staining to observe the localization of OR51E1 in tissues and cells.Then,Fiji software was used to calculate the OD value of the immunohistochemical results,the expression of OR51E1 protein was compared for normal tissue,early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer,the expression of OR51E1 protein in superficial and deep tumors was compared,and the expression of OR51E1 protein in submucosal invasion depth <500μm and ≥500μm lesions in T1 b tumor was analyzed and compared.Results:1.Bioinformatics analysis results :(1)In patients with gastric cancer,different ages(< 65 years old,≥ 65 years old),gender(male and female),grade grade(G1 & G2,G3),N stage(N0,N1 & N2 & N3),M stage(M0,M1)There was no significant difference in OR51E1 expression between groups(P>0.05),gastric cancer tissue was significantly higher than normal tissue OR51E1 expression(P<0.05),advanced gastric cancer was significantly higher than early gastric cancer OR51E1 expression(P<0.05).(2)In terms of diagnosis,T1 vs T2&T3&T4ROC curve: AUC=0.6598,P=0.0225<0.05;cut-off value=0.4776,(Sensitivity=0.8924,95%CI 0.8534-0.9220;Specificity=0.5,95%CI 0.2903-0.7097).(3)According to the survival curve,there was a significant difference in survival between the two groups with high and low OR51E1 expression,and the low expression group had a better prognosis than the high expression group(P<0.05).(4)OR51E1 mainly exists in cell membranes and cytoplasm,and plays a role in bioregulation,response to stimuli,intercellular communication,localization and other processes.The functional enrichment and pathway analysis of 199 genes significantly upregulated in the OR51E1 low expression group compared with the OR51E1 high expression group were analyzed,and the results were mainly found to be in the MAPK pathway and receptor interaction.Based on previous studies of the MAPK pathway,the OR51E1 high-expression group has a crucial role in the differential genes of the OR51E1low-expression group for the progression of cancer.2.Immunohistochemical analysis results:(1)OR51E1 was mainly expressed in cell membrane and cytoplasm.(2)There was a significant difference in OR51E1 expression between normal tissue,gastric early cancer and advanced gastric cancer,and the expression of OR51E1 in advanced gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in advanced gastric cancer.The expression of OR51E1 in early gastric cancer was significantly higher than that of normal tissues(P<0.05),the expression of OR51E1 in superficial and deep tissues was significantly different,and the expression of deep tissues was significantly higher than that of superficial tissues(P<0.05),and in the submucosal early gastric carcinoma,the expression of OR51E1 in the superficial layer of submucosal invasion was significantly increased ≥ 500 μm compared to < 500 μm(P<0.05).Conclusions:The expression level of OR51E1 was significantly different between normal tissues and gastric early cancer tissues and gastric advanced cancer tissues,and also had significant differences between gastric early cancer infiltrating into the superficial submucosa and the deep submucosal layer,revealing the application value of OR51E1 in determining the depth of gastric cancer invasion,which may become a new diagnostic marker. |
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