| Objective:To explore the effects of health education based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model(IMB model)on health behavioral motivation,self-efficacy,health behaviour change,atherosclerosis-related indicators,cardiovascular health and quality of life in community-based older adults with atherosclerosis,with the aim of providing a reference for the development of health education programme to improve cardiovascular health in community-based older adults with atherosclerosis.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 68 elderly people with atherosclerosis from two communities in Bengbu,Dongfeng and Hubin,with the intervention group(IG)set up in Dongfeng community and the control group(CG)in Hubin community,with 34 people in each group.Both groups received conventional health education methods,on the basis of which the intervention group underwent a health education intervention based on the IMB model,including I(health lectures and We Chat education),M(introduction of role model experience,distribution of Health Promotion Service Report,group communication and one-to-one communication)and B(group aerobics,home exercise and dietary instruction,group communication,distribution of Health Promotion Service Report,Answer questions and rewards).Health behaviour motivation,self-efficacy,health behaviour change,atherosclerosis-related indicators,cardiovascular health and quality of life were measured in older adults with atherosclerosis before,at 3 months and at 6months of the intervention.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis,chi-square test,rank sum test,t-test and repeated measures ANOVA.Results:1.A total of 68 subjects were included in this study.During the intervention period,one person was lost from the IG and two from the CG,and the final study subjects included 33 in the IG and 32 in the CG.2.Motivation for health behaviour: The differences in total smoking motivation score,physical activity motivation score and healthy eating motivation score,compared to baseline,were statistically significant(P< 0.05)in the IG at 3 and6 months of intervention;the improvements were better than in the CG(P< 0.05).3.Self-efficacy: Compared to baseline,the difference in self-efficacy in the IG was statistically significant at 3 and 6 months of intervention(P< 0.05);the improvement was better than in the CG(P< 0.05).4.Health behaviour change: For smoking cessation,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P> 0.05),and regular exercise and low salt diet were statistically significant between the two groups(P< 0.05).5.Objective indicators: Compared to baseline,the differences in ba PWV mean(arm-ankle pulse wave velocity),SBP(systolic blood pressure),BMI(body mass index),FPG(fasting blood glucose),and TC(total cholesterol)in the IG were statistically significant at 3 and 6 months of intervention(P< 0.05);compared to baseline,the differences in DBP(diastolic blood pressure),SEVR(subendocardial myocardial viability rate),BF%(body fat percentage),T value(bone mineral density),and spirometry were statistically significant at 6 months of intervention(P< 0.05);mean ba PWV values were statistically significant at 6 months of IG to 3 months of intervention(P< 0.05);SBP in the CG was statistically significant at 6 months of intervention compared to baseline(P< 0.05);all other differences were not All other differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The difference in mean ba PWV in the IG compared to the CG was statistically significant at 3 and 6 months of intervention(P<0.05).differences in SEVR,BMI,BF%,T-value,FPG and spirometry were statistically significant at 6 months of intervention(P<0.05);all other differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).6.Cardiovascular health: Compared to baseline,the differences in total scores and health behaviour scores in the IG were statistically significant(P< 0.05)at 3 and6 months of intervention,and the differences in health factors scores were statistically significant(P<0.05)at 6 months of intervention;compared to the CG,the differences in total scores and health behaviour scores in the IG were statistically significant(P<0.05)at 3 and 6 months of intervention,and the differences in health factors scores were statistically significant at 6 months(P<0.05).7.Quality of life: Compared to baseline,the differences between the IG were statistically significant at 6 months for total score and mental health(P<0.05)and not for physical health(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between groups at any time point(P>0.05).Conclusion:Health education based on the IMB model can improve the motivation and self-efficacy of atherosclerotic older adults in the community in terms of health behaviors,promote a shift towards healthy behaviors,effectively lower blood pressure,control body weight,reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve atherosclerotic indicators,improve cardiovascular health and help improve the quality of life of older adults.Therefore,the health education intervention programme based on the IMB model is worthy of further promotion in the community. |
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