Current Situation And Influencing Factors Of Food Allergy In Some Urban And Rural Population In Liaoning Province

Objective:food allergy has been on the rise for the past few decades.However,there is relatively little research on FA in urban and rural population.In this paper,the prevalence of FA in some urban and rural population in Liaoning Province was described.The influence of FA on urban and rural population was actively explored from social demographic characteristics,health status of perinatal pregnancy,environmental behavior,allergic diseases and other aspects,and the existing problems were further analyzed and targeted prevention strategies were proposed to provide theoretical basis for FA prevention and treatment.Methods:In this study,multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted.Cities(Dandong,Panjin,Tieling,Shenyang and Liaoyang)were randomly selected in eastern Liaoning,Southern Liaoning,Northern Liaoning and central Liaoning respectively from September 2021 to January 2023,and communities in each city were randomly selected as urban areas for investigation.The survey areas in rural areas were districts,counties and villages randomly selected from the five cities.The subjects were permanent residents in the selected area,and the incidence of FA and its related influencing factors were investigated.A total of 1420 people were surveyed,and 1382 valid questionnaires were obtained,with an effective response rate of 98.71%. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample characteristics of FA.SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis,and binary Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors affecting FA and their effect intensity.Results:Basic characteristics:(1)There were 1382 general population surveyed,including 644 male residents,accounting for 46.60%;The number of female residents was 738,or 53.40 percent.The self-complaint FA rate of the general population was6.80%.(2)900 urban residents,accounting for 65.12%;There were 398 male residents,accounting for 44.22%;There were 502 female residents,accounting for 55.77%.The rate of urban residents’ self-complaint FA was 8.33%.(3)There were 482 rural residents,accounting for 34.88%;There were 246 male residents,accounting for 51.04%;The number of female residents was 236,accounting for 48.96%.The self-reported rate of food allergy among rural residents was 3.94%.The pathogenesis of FA:(1)The pathogenesis of FA: 94 cases of private prosecution of FA were investigated.Most of the patients were aged between 18 and 49(39.40 percent).Most of the clinical symptoms were diarrhea/vomiting(66.00%),skin rash/pruritus(62.80%)and itchiness/redness/swelling(57.40%)in the mouth or throat.Self-diagnosis ranked first(47.90%).In terms of diagnostic methods,serum allergen specific Lg E test was the first(45.70%),and the incidence of regression/tolerance accounted for 45.70%.(2)Crustaceans(50.67%),fish(36.00%)and cereals(33.33%)were the most common allergic foods among urban residents.The cases of crustaceans(57.89%),cereals(57.89%)and eggs(42.11%)were more in rural residents.In the number of allergic foods in FA population,the number of allergic cases to one kind of food was the largest,accounting for 45.74%.Analysis of influencing factors:(1)City dwellers: In terms of social demographic characteristics,the age group was less than 18 years old(OR=8.636,P=0.000),the family size was greater than OR equal to 5 members(OR=6.377,P=0.000),and the average annual income per capita was greater than 50,000(OR=2.860,P=0.002).Residents of junior high school/senior high school/technical secondary school and junior college OR above(OR=0.270,P=0.007;OR=0.164,P=0.000),the risk of FA was higher in medical and health workers,food workers and people living in agriculture,forestry,husbandry and fishery(OR=2.630,P=0.003;OR=3.161,P=0.004;OR=13.275,P=0.000);Family history of allergy,maternal allergy(OR=18.308,P=0.000;OR=9.369,P=0.000).Among the health characteristics of mothers during perinatal pregnancy,artificial feeding(OR=3.724,P=0.000)and poor pregnancy mood of mothers(OR=11.400,P=0.000).Among health-behavior characteristics,FA(OR=3.049,P=0.001)was found in the autumn of the birth season;The duration of moderate intensity exercise was less than60min(OR=1.753,P=0.049).Pet ownership,smoking OR frequent exposure to secondhand smoke and picky eating(OR=2.285,P=0.001;OR=5.457,P=0.000;OR=2.223,P=0.024).(2)For rural residents,BMI was obesity(OR=3.354,P=0.023),occupational health workers(OR=3.279,P=0.026),family history of allergy and mother’s allergy were the risk factors of FA(OR=17.371,P=0.000;OR=40.889,P=0.000).Among maternal health characteristics during perinatal pregnancy,maternal age of 25-29 years was the protective factor for FA(OR=0.195,P=0.032).Among health-behavior characteristics,summer and fall in the birth season(OR=4.471,P=0.029;OR=20.118,P=0.000),6-8h of average sleep time(OR=0.153,P=0.001);Moderate intensity less than 60 min and high intensity less than 30 min for exercise duration(OR=5.690,P=0.006;OR=6.260,P=0.004),smoking OR regular exposure to secondhand smoke and picky eating(OR=2.599,P=0.049;OR=5.305,P=0.007).Other allergic diseases: In the general population,allergic dermatitis,allergic rhinitis,allergic asthma,and eczema(OR=12.337,P=0.000;OR=8.612,P=0.000;OR=21.737,P=0.000;OR=9.492,P=0.000).The prevalence of allergic dermatitis,allergic rhinitis,allergic asthma,and eczema among urban residents(OR=11.000;OR = 6.887;OR =15.828;OR=6.215).Among rural residents,atopic dermatitis,atopic rhinitis,atopic asthma and eczema(OR=15.307,P=0.000;OR=17.645,P=0.000;OR=53.433,P=0.000;OR=36.074,P=0.000).Conclusion:(1)The self-complaint FA rate of general population was 6.80%,among which the self-complaint FA rate of urban residents was 8.33%,and the self-complaint of food allergy rate of rural residents was 3.94%.There was a difference in the distribution of FA in urban and rural areas.(2)It is suggested that exploring the pathogenesis characteristics of allergic people and the distribution of allergic foods may be helpful for FA prevention and treatment of urban and rural residents.(3)Among social demographic characteristics,age,family size,occupation and family history of allergy may be the risk factors of FA in urban and rural residents.Among the health characteristics of mothers during perinatal pregnancy,feeding style and pregnant mood of mothers may be the risk factors of FA in urban and rural residents,and the pregnant age of mothers may be the protective factors of FA in rural residents.Among individual environment-behavior characteristics,season of birth,time of exercise,pet ownership,smoking or frequent exposure to second-hand smoke and picky eating may be the risk factors of FA in urban and rural residents,and average sleep time may be the protective factors of FA in rural residents.(4)Other allergic diseases have significant influence on FA occurrence in urban and rural residents.