| Objective:This study explored the incidence of macrosomia and its related factors in Jilin Province in 2021,and based on this,proposed intervention measures related to health education and nutrition guidance during pregnancy,guided medical staff to better manage pregnant women during pregnancy,identify high-risk pregnant women,and provided valuable information for the government to formulate intervention policies.It provides a theoretical basis and reference for reducing the incidence of macrosomia and improving maternal and infant health in Jilin Province.Methods:In this study,relying on the maternal and child health information management system of Jilin Province,the study subjects were screened according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the information in the system was exported and a data information database was established through Excel.SPSS25.0 was used for statistical analysis,and the measurement data were described by mean±standard deviation.Counting data is described by the number of examples and the percentage[n(%)];The chi-square test was used to compare the two groups,and the P<0.05 was statistically significant.Univariate analysis was carried out on the factors that may affect neonatal birth weight,and the influencing factors with significant significance in univariate analysis results were included as independent variables into the multivariate logistic regression model,and the influencing factors of neonatal macrosomia in Jilin Province in 2021 were analyzed.Results:A total of 73533 complete maternal data were included in this study,with an average age of 32.21±4.665years,the youngest was 16 years old and the maximum was 56years.The mean preconception BMI was 23.16±3.91kg/m~2,the minimum value was12.57kg/m~2,and the maximum value was 57.85kg/m~2.A total of 73,533 singleton live births were delivered to the included pregnant women,with a mean weight of 3.43±0.434kg,the lowest value was 2.51kg,the highest value was 7.50kg,the mean gestational age was 38.87±1.16weeks,the shortest gestational age was 30 weeks,and the maximum gestational age was 44 weeks.Among them,there were 7998 macrosomia,and the incidence of macrosomia was 10.9%.The results showed that the probability of macrosomia in newborns with maternal age greater than or equal to 35 years(OR=1.157),BMI before pregnancy≥28kg/m~2(OR=8.356),gestational diabetes mellitus(OR=1.638),anemia(OR=1.43),other comorbidities and complications(OR=1.84),and gestational age≥42 weeks(OR=34.081)was increased.The probability of macrosomia was reduced in neonates with one cesarean section(OR=0.868),hypertension during pregnancy(OR=0.796),hypothyroidism in pregnancy(OR=0.298),placenta previa(OR=0.352),placental abruption(OR=0.339),amniotic fluid abnormalities(OR=0.708),and female neonatal sex(OR=0.607).Conclusion:1.The incidence of macrosomia in Jilin Province in 2021 was 10.9%,which may be related to the living standards of residents in Jilin Province,maternal eating habits,living habits and nutritional balance,at the same time,this study only included singleton live births,and excluded some incomplete data,which is also the reason for the high incidence of macrosomia.2.The results of this study showed that the maternal age,pregnancy time,delivery time,previous cesarean section,preconception BMI,gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes,anemia,pregnancy with hypothyroidism,other comorbidities and complications,placenta previa,placental abruption,amniotic fluid abnormalities,scarring uterus,obesity,and advanced age and primibirth;Newborn sex and gestational age are related to the birth weight of the newborn.3.Through dichotomous logistic regression analysis,the mother was older than or equal to 35 years old,the BMI before pregnancy was≥28kg/m~2,she had gestational diabetes,anemia,other comorbidities and complications,the gestational age was≥42 weeks,and the fetus was a male infant who was a high-risk group for macrosomia.It is basically consistent with the relevant research results at home and abroad.4.In order to prevent the occurrence of macrosomia more effectively,maternal and child health institutions at all levels should strengthen the prevention and monitoring of macrosomia;the working ability of primary maternal and child health care personnel should be improved in the management of pregnant women;Actively carry out health education activities;Strengthening the awareness of prenatal care;Strengthen the monitoring and guidance of high-risk pregnant women,pay attention to the effective control of pre-pregnancy BMI;Women with abnormal glucose metabolism function screened during pregnancy should be the focus of intervention.Blood glucose changes of pregnant women should be regularly monitored,and blood glucose should be controlled at a reasonable level as soon as possible to prevent the birth of macrosomia. |
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