Anti-aging Effect Of Acer Truncatum Seed Oil And Its Mechanism

Aging is a complex process reflecting the functional recession of cells,tissues and organs,which leads to the increase susceptibility to many diseases.The increase of the elderly population will bring huge economic burden and social pressure.Therefore,aging problem is urgent to be solved.Acer truncatum seed oil(ATO),extracted from the seed of Acer truncatum,is rich in vitamin E and unsaturated fatty acids and contains up to 5% nerve acid.Studies have shown that ATO has a variety of pharmacological effects which could be antibacterial,anti-tumor,anti-fatigue,anti-oxidation,regulate intestinal flora and improve immunity.However,whether ATO has anti-aging effect and its specific mechanism are not clear.In this study,the natural aging models of mice and Drosophila melanogaster were established respectively.The behavioral test,Western blot,immunofluorescence staining,16 Sr RNA sequencing and bioinformatics were used to explore the anti-aging effect of ATO and its mechanism from the morphology,protein and microbiology aspects.Results were as follows:1.The study on anti-aging effect of ATO on mice.ATO prolonged the lifespan of mice and increased the survival rate of mice.The results of rotarod test and wire-hanging test showed that ATO improved the endurance and motor coordination ability of aged mice.The results of open field test and elevated plus maze test showed that ATO improved the cognitive ability of aged mice.The results of Morris water maze test showed that ATO improved the learning and memory ability of aged mice.The results of Golgi staining showed that ATO increased the density of spines and changed the proportion of spines in dentate gyrus of aging mice.Western blot analysis revealed that ATO increased the expression of Spinophillin and PSD95 in hippocampus of aging mice,and increased the expression of AMPK,p-AMPK and Sirt1 in hippocampus and cortex of aging mice.All of the results showed ATO may play its anti-aging effect through the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.2.The study on anti-aging effect of ATO on Drosophila melanogaster.The average life span of flies in 1%,2% or 4% ATO intervention group was prolonged,2% ATO showed the highest average life span especially.The crawling ability,olfactory memory ability and heat tolerance ability of flies were improved,the activity of SOD and GSH-PX was increased,the ROS in brain and intestinal tract were reduced in 2% ATO intervention group.These results suggested that ATO got its anti-aging effects which mechanism may be related to antioxidation.3.The study on the mechanism of anti-aging effect of intestinal flora on Drosophila melanogaster.Aging changed the composition and structure of gut microbiota in flies.The results of linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)analysis suggested that the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae,Gluconobacter and Morganella morganii was increased in aged flies.Correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Gluconobacter,Enterobacteriaceae,Serratia and Yersiniaceae was positively correlated with ROS accumulation.The results of intestinal bacteria clearance and intestinal bacteria transplantation showed that the anti-aging effect of ATO depended on intestinal bacteria in flies.Transplanting intestinal bacteria from Drosophila melanogaster fed ATO could prolong the life span of Drosophila melanogaster,change the composition and structure of intestinal microorganisms,and reduce the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae,Gluconobacter and Morganella morganii.Our study demonstrated that the anti-aging effects of ATO may achieved via microbiome remodeling.To sum up,ATO has anti-aging effect.In the mouse model,ATO alleviated the cognitive decline caused by aging and may play an anti-aging effect by regulating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.In the Drosophila model,ATO prolonged the lifespan and improved the decline of physiological function,which was related to the microbiome regulation.The above results provide evidence that ATO is a potential anti-aging resource.