| The results of the seventh national population census show that the aging degree of our country is becoming more and more serious,and there are characteristics of "feminization of the aging population" and "aging of the elderly women".In June 2019,the National Health Commission clearly pointed out at the regular press conference that the mental health status of the elderly in China is not optimistic,and the mental health of the elderly women is at a disadvantage.To promote and improve the mental health of the elderly is not only an inevitable choice to implement healthy aging,but also an inevitable requirement to promote the modernization of social governance efficiency and social governance system,which is of great significance.Depression is one of the most common mental diseases in the elderly,which brings serious harm to the elderly and even the risk of suicide.Depressive symptoms are the precursor of depression.Effective prevention,early recognition and intervention of depressive symptoms are helpful to reduce the incidence of depression in the elderly.A large number of studies have proved that the incidence of depressive symptoms in elderly women is significantly higher than that in elderly men,so the occurrence of depressive symptoms in elderly women needs our special attention.Positive psychology provides a new direction for the interpretation and intervention of depression,which can effectively overcome the negative factors and reduce the symptoms of depression in the elderly women,so as to promote the development of mental health of the elderly women.Therefore,from the perspective of positive psychology,this study investigates and intervenes the depressive symptoms of elderly women,which has important theoretical and practical significance.This study mainly has two aspects of research content.The first study is the current situation investigation: the occurrence of depressive s ymptoms in elderly women over 60 years old was investigated through the simplified G eriatric Depression Scale(GDS-14),and the influencing factors of depressive symptom s in elderly women were understood through the self-designed general situation questio nnaire.A total of 525 questionnaires were released in this study,and 463 were collecte d,with an effective rate of 88.2%.SPSS 24.0 software was used for data entry and stati stical analysis.Descriptive analysis,Chi-square test and ordered multiple Logistic regre ssion analysis were used.The test level was α=0.05.The main results are:(1)There were 302 female elderly without depression(GDS < 5 points),accounti ng for 65.2%.There were 107 elderly women with mild depressive symptoms(5≤GDS< 10),and the incidence rate of mild depressive symptoms was 23.1%;there were 54 el derly women with severe depressive symptoms(GDS≥10),and the incidence rate of ma jor depressive symptoms was 11.7%.GDS-14 has an average score of 4.29+3.38.(2)Single factor analysis showed that: Age、education level、place of residence、monthly income、economic source、marital status、residence status、self-rated health、chronic disease、disability、pain、sleep status、drinking、daily diet、outdoor activities、experience of loneliness、people to communicate with in times of difficulty、frequency of contact with children、communication with children、neighbors、chatting with others、the most important aspects of spiritual life,there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of depressive symptoms in elderly women.(3)Orderly multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that monthly income,economic source,residence status,self-rated health,disability,sleep status,neighbor relationship,lonely experience,communication objects in difficulties,and contact frequency with children were all influencing factors for the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the elderly(P<0.05).The second study is the case intervention study: First,due to the severe situation of the novel coronavirus epidemic,in order to comply with the local government’s epidemic prevention and control policy,no aggregation or clustering,the study can only take case intervention.Secondly,due to the low level of education and the ability to accept new things,the degree of cooperation of the elderly women is not high,and the physiological function of the elderly women is gradually weakened,and the chronic diseases are more frequent.Considering the physical and mental safety of the elderly women,the effect of individual intervention is better than that of group counseling.Finally,there are individual differences in the group of female elderly,so individual intervention can be carried out according to the characteristics of the object,and the effect is better.Based on the above factors,the second study adopts case study.Based on the current investigation and the inclusion criteria of this study,the researchers screened the elderly women who participated in the survey,and finally selected the mother-in-law as the object of this case intervention study.In this study,the mother-in-law was pre-tested at the first intervention,and the score of GDS-14 was 8 points;the post-test was conducted at the eighth intervention,and the score of GDS-14 was 4 points;two months after the intervention,the mother-in-law was tracked and interviewed,and the score of GDS-14 was 5 points,and her emotions and behaviors were in a good state.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Compared with men,depressive symptoms are a prominent mental health problem for the elderly women.The survey results of this study show that the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly women is 34.8%,among which the incidence of mild depressive symptoms is 23.1% and the incidence of severe depressive symptoms is11.7%.This suggests that the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the elderly women is a serious problem,so early screening and intervention of depressive symptoms should be carried out in time for the elderly women.(2)The occurrence of depressive symptoms in elderly women was mainly affected by age、education level、monthly income、economic source、residence status、self-rated health、disability、sleep status、relationship with neighbors、frequency of contact with children、daily diet、activity pattern、chronic diseases and other factors.(3)The depressive symptoms of the subjects in this study were significantly alleviated after the positive psychological intervention,suggesting that positive psychological intervention can effectively improve the depressive symptoms of elderly women.Finally,combined with the current situation of depression symptoms in elderly women,this study puts forward five targeted countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate depression symptoms in elderly women:(1)The state should comprehensively promote mental health knowledge education(2)The government should establish a crisis screening and intervention system for elderly women(3)The community should select appropriate tools and conduct regular screening for depressive symptoms(4)Families should integrate positive psychology training into the lives of elderly women(5)Strengthen social support for the elderly women by combining multiple resources... |
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