A Comparative Study On The Trade Between Mongolia Traveling Merchant And Russia Traveling Merchant(1727-1911)

From the perspective of merchants,this paper divided the mainland merchants who were engaged in trade in the northern border of China in the middle and late Qing dynasty into two groups: Mongolia traveling merchant and Russia traveling merchant.Through the comparative study of the trade between Mongolia traveling merchant and Russia traveling merchant,we can have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the development of the northern market and provide historical experience for the contemporary construction of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor.This paper is divided into three parts.In the first part,the development process of northern border trade from 1727 to 1911 is summarized,including the development process of Mongolian traveling merchants and Russian traveling merchants,relevant policies,key trade names and main businesses.In the second part,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the trading behaviors of Mongolian traveling merchants and Russian traveling merchants from the four aspects of commodity trading process,trading mode,commodity structure and trading fairness,and finally proves that there are differences between the two regional markets that cannot be ignored.Different trade behaviors will inevitably bring about different trade results.Then in the third part,in this paper,two regional trade and trade’s impact on regional economy are analyzed in comparison.We found that the gap between the two regional trade is not obvious,but from the regional economic and industrial development situation,the Russian Siberian region through trade successful industrial upgrading to machine production,and the Mongolia is increasingly poor.Among them,government policies,commercial capital and initiative of businessman are the main factors leading to regional development differences.In the comparison of the commodity structure and trade volume between Mongolian traveling merchants and Russian traveling merchants,this paper sorted out the commodity data and tax data related to the two regional trade,which made up for the shortcomings of previous studies mainly based on descriptive analysis,and was conducive to a more objective and systematic view of the development of northern border trade in the middle and late Qing dynasty.