Study On The Influence Of Closed University Campus On The Fairness Of Public Transportation Service From The Perspective Of Accessibility

At present,China’s urbanization rate has reached 59.58%,which is about 6 times higher than that in 1949.The rapid development of urbanization has made the issue of social equity more and more obvious.Under the background of sustainable development,people are paying more attention to social equity.Urban public transportation is a special public resource that affects the opportunities for various social groups to obtain other development resources.The spatial accessibility is directly related to the spatial fairness of residents’ access to public transportation services and other development resources in the city.China’s university campuses are generally closed community types,and their shielding effect on transit traffic leads to unequal opportunities for residents to obtain timely and effective public transport services.During 1997-2016,the number of students in the country increased by 840%.The number has also exploded,and the resulting social equity contradictions have also intensified.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the impact of closed university campuses on the fairness of public transportation services.This paper analyzes the overall spatial distribution of public transportation services by means of standard elliptic difference,and analyzes the spatial difference of public transportation services and population spatial distribution by means of bivariate spatial autocorrelation.Then,with the Arc GIS platform,a pedestrian road network is constructed,which uses detailed building contour data and population data with accuracy up to the building level for detailed analysis.The minimum time accessibility method,the gravity model method,and the population weighted average accessibility method are adopted.And the competition-based accessibility method,whether to provide public transportation services,whether to supply the same amount of public transportation services,whether to match the population’s demand for public transportation services,and whether to match the needs of population and public transportation services.The spatial fairness and its differences have been quantitatively analyzed at different levels.Taking the main urban area of Wuhan as an example,the fairness of the distribution of public transportation services in the main urban area of Wuhan based on different models is revealed.On this basis,the paper has the following conclusions:(1)Status of public transport services.In terms of service capacity,the stations with high public transportation service capacity are mostly distributed in Hankou Town,mainly around the river,lake,and along the extension of the land surface;the service area,the bus station and the subway station can cover the proportion of the 15-minute service area The ratio of population to population is: 78.52% of residential buildings and 98.77% of the population,32.32% of residential buildings and 53.68% of the population;in terms of population matching,subway stations,bus station services and residential populations have better spatial distribution.The consistency is different from the population distribution of the dormitory.(2)Spatial distribution of accessibility.Overall,the accessibility to the bus station is better than the accessibility of the subway station entrance and exit;the accessibility of the off-campus housing is higher than the on-campus dormitory from the statistics;the area with good accessibility is The junction of the Yangtze River and the Han River is the center and radiates outward.The location of the dormitory is close to the school gate.The bad multi-distance school gate is far away,and the larger the campus area,the more the number of hostels with poor accessibility;the accessibility based on gravity model,based on population weighting Both the reachability and the reachability of competition are more concentrated than the minimum time accessibility,and the spatial distribution characteristics are basically consistent with the spatial distribution characteristics of public transport service capacity and population.(3)Spatial fairness.Overall,the overall distribution of bus station resources is more fair than the subway entrances and exits.Overall,the school gates and off-campus housings are more fair than the on-campus and off-campus housings;the space for public transportation service resources is calculated by each model.The fairness ranking is: recent facility model>competition mechanism model>gravity model>population weighting model.It can be seen that when considering public transportation service capacity and population factors,the allocation of public transportation service resources in the whole district becomes obviously more unfair.From the location point of view,the bus station has a small number of service blind spots,mainly distributed in the marginal areas of the study area and some university campuses;the service blind spots in the subway station entrances and exits are more and more widely distributed;the location of bus stops and subway station entrances and exits The locations with higher entropy than the average are concentrated in the Hanjiang River and its extension lines,Hankou Town and other areas,which are consistent with the spatial distribution characteristics of bus service capacity and population.