The Cheating Cases Study Of Shuntian Prefectural Examination In Qing Dynasty

The imperial examination system was a part of the ancient Chinese political system,and played a pivotal position.As a link in the examination of the imperial examination,the prefectural examination is a measure for the state to recruit talents.In order to select the truly talented people,the Rulers of the Qing Dynasty formulated a variety of measures to maintain the fairness and impartiality of the examination.Despite this,in the Qing Dynasty,there were fraud in the examination one after another,and there were major cases in the field in all dynasties.Shun tian prefecture is the seat of the Capital Division,that is,one of the direct subordinates of the central government,which can be described as the first place of great imperial grace.Shun Tianfu is the seat of the capital.In the Qing Dynasty,112 township trials were held in Shun Tianfu,among which more than 20 were explicitly recorded as fraud,and the high frequency of fraud and the number of examiners involved are unmatched in the provinces.Taking the examiner as the potential clue,this article examines the overall situation of cheating in the Shuntian prefectural examination field by examining the communication and interaction between the examiner and the officials and other staff under the background of fraud in the Shuntian prefectural examination field.It can be found that although the Qing government formulated many precautions to prevent fraud in the township test,relevant people can always find a countermeasure.The examiner can directly decide whether the examinee will be selected or not.In order to obtain the merit of the field,the students often found ways to communicate with the examiners,or bribed and delivered poems before the field,or thanked and worshiped afterwards.Some examiners who were not straight often sought favoritism in the same year friends,listened to instructions,accepted joints,and even passively got involved in the field storm.The students intends to cheat,but he was also clever and clever,doing his best to solve the problem,and taking advantage of all opportunities that may be exploited.Compared with bribing the examiner,it may be easier for the students to recruit staff such as transcription clerks,search and inspection of military service,and sprinkling and sweeping men.The number of prefectural examination staff was large,and there were more opportunities for mobile exchanges because of the specific work in the field.The students colluded with these staff,who took advantage of their positions to provide services such as entrainment and information submission.In addition,in the process of dealing with the students,the staff also had the trick of guarding themselves and extorting pits.The cheating cases in Shuntian prefectural examination involved the interests of many people,and the fraud was even more related to the lives of many people.Those who participate in cheating were punished,and naturally there must be bad causes and bad consequences.In the Shuntian prefectural examination,there were also cases in which some people who didn’t cheat were implicated.The officials children skillfully use their family backgrounds,resulting in the parents of those not involved in cheating were implicated.At the same time,the instructors of the students were difficult to get rid of this because they taught with an improper method.The officials who chose to stand on the side of the court won leniency for the disciples involved,and it is difficult to wash the suspicion of shielding.Under the rectification of the field,the relevant people are in the ranks of being purged.The examiner not only had the pressure of being affectionate and listening to the instructions,and but also faced the pressure of the ruler to clean up the cheating as well.It is precisely for this reason that some officials have seized the opportunity to declare their personal vendettas,using the pressure of rectifying the science and technology field as a tool for fighting their opponents,and even fabricating reasons to frame them.In the political struggle in the context of fraud in the field,there were cases in which the prosecution is not pursued due to insufficient evidence,and there were also cases in which the trial personnel deliberately expand the situation and increase the punishment.However,it should be noted that the emperor’s will played a very significant role in the large-scale battlefield struggle.In extreme cases,the attitude of the rulers provided a direction for the political struggle in the field,and at this time,the struggle between the ministers because of personal grievances was mostly just a proper under the control of the imperial power.