A Comparative Study On The Communist Thought Of Hess And Young Marx

When looking back on the development of Marx’s thought,we often pay more attention to the two clues of philosophy and political economy,especially the influence of Hegel and Feuerbach on Marx,but relatively ignore the clues of communism in the formation of Marx’s thought.In fact,both philosophy and political economy serve the future-oriented communist theory.With the advancement of the research on the development of Marx’s early thought and the collation and publication of relevant texts,Mozes Hess,as a pioneer of German communism,has attracted more and more attention.As for the research on the relation between Hess and young Marx’s thought,the academic circle often resorts to Marx’s inheritance and transcendence of Hess.This paper tries to study the relation between Hess and young Marx’s communist thought from the perspective of comparison.Hess was the earliest communist in Germany,an important representative of the young Hegelians,and also an important source of Marx’s early thought development.Hess ’communist thought experienced the development process from religious communism to philosophical communism and then to real socialism.Hess’ s communism is the unity of freedom and equality,labor and enjoyment,individual and community,so it is in line with the nature of human class social relations.Hess combined German philosophy with socialism,took the lead in raising the banner of communism among the young Hegelians,and had an important influence on young Marx’s turn and development of communism.Under the influence of Hess,young Marx constantly sought the realistic basis of communist theory.In the German-French Almanac period,Marx put forward the relationship between political liberation and human liberation and the historical mission of the proletariat.In his "Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844",Marx provided theoretical arguments for communism from the perspectives of humanistic alienation logic and production logic.With the continuous formation of historical materialism,Hess’ influence on young Marx gradually disappeared.Through comparison,this paper finds that although Hess has an important influence on the communist thought of young Marx,there are many "Hess factors" in the communist turn of young Marx,but there are significant differences between the communist thought of the two.There are obvious differences between Hess and young Marx in the philosophical argumentation of communism,the main force of human liberation and the way of realization,the thought of community and so on.The philosophical foundation that Hess laid for communism has undergone a development from Fichte’s theory of subjective initiative to Feuerbach’s humanism.Influenced by Feuerbach’s abstract humanism,Hess did not find the true subjective force of revolution,and in the way communism was realized,he always resorted to the education of love and the universal love of humanity.Although Hess criticized the illusory community represented by religion and politics,his criticism was not thorough due to a lack of indepth analysis of the social and historical roots of the illusory community,and his free community also had a certain degree of fantasy.Young Marx clearly raised the issue of the historical mission of the proletariat,believing that only through social revolution can the universal liberation of human beings be achieved.Marx analyzed the reasons for the division of labor of the illusory community and pointed out the historical direction for the realization of the free man union.Therefore,the influence of Hess on young Marx should stop at the formation of Marx’s historical materialism.