A Study Of The Chengxuan Of Government Affairs In The Ming Dynasty

The governmental affairs of Chengxuan is the bridge between the decision and implementation.Without it,decisions could not be implemented and implementation could not be discussed.Through the governmental affairs of Chengxuan,the bureaucratic group with the emperor as the core conveyed the national governance strategy to the central and local governments.The process of the governmental affairs of Chengxuan in the Ming dynasty from the Jinzhi to the outer court and from the central government to the local government had a prominent political role and obvious stage changes.The government affairs from the Jinzhi to the outer court was proclaimed in two ways: through faceto-face oracles and through official documents.The oracle has certain stage characteristics.In the early Ming dynasty,the emperor was more diligent in government,giving frequent face-to-face instructions and decrees to his subjects.In the middle and later periods,the emperors were relatively negligent,and the face orders were gradually sparse and lost their vitality,so that some emperors performed face orders and had the form of face orders,but the quality of face orders was in vain and the reality of face orders was missing.It can be seen that the systemic and stable nature of face orders was a little lacking,but the government affairs were related to the stability of the kingdom and the livelihood of the country,so they needed a continuous and stable running carrier,and the official documents had such an advantage,so they were the main way to deliver the government affairs in the Ming Dynasty.The central to local domestic affairs mainly through the official documents.In the early Ming Dynasty,the government affairs under the Three Provincial offices system had the following characteristics:First,the government affairs generally followed a systematic process of Chengxuan.The Six Ministries directly tranmitted administrative affairs to the chief secretary,the Five Chief Military directly tranmitted military affairs to the Regional Military Commission,and the Chief Surveillance Office directly tranmitted judicial affairs to the Provincial Surveillance Commission.Secondly,the government affairs roughly followed the principle of hierarchical declarations.The central government affairs are transmitted to the provinces,the provinces government affairs are transmitted to the prefectures,and the prefectures government affairs are transmitted to the counties.Moreover,the government affairs generally follow the principle of grade commitment to ensure that the commitment to the rules of etiquette and literature.Finally,the open nature of civil affairs,confidential nature of military affairs,etc.can be cross-grade Chengxuan.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the government affairs under the system of the Regional Inspector and Touring Pacifier were constantly adjusted according to the changes in the local power structure,and there were breakthroughs and developments in the original process and principles.In addition to the Chengxuan of domestic affairs,the Chengxuan of foreign affairs was also quite special.There are two kinds of procedures for the Chengxuan of foreign affairs in the Ming Dynasty.First,the central government first transmitted to the border agencies,the border agencies then transmitted to the foreign countries.The second is directly transmitted by the central government to the foreign countries,most of them are sent out to the foreign countries to deliver instruction by envoys.Local officials,officials from various ministries,officials from various departments,eunuchs,etc.were all involved in the mission to deliver imperial decree.In the Ming Dynasty,the legal agency for sending envoys was the Department of Pedestrians,and pedestrians were the legal and main group of envoys.In the late Ming dynasty,the frequency of the mission of the pedestrians decreased because,on the one hand,other groups were widely involved in the mission of the decree,which made the mission of the pedestrians decrease accordingly.On the other hand,because the court was in a time of internal and external troubles,the overall frequency of diplomacy declined,and the Ming court had no time to send pedestrians to proclaim the governmental orders to the foreign countries.The changes in the political structure and power of the Ming dynasty had a profound impact on the governmental affairs of Chengxuan.The form serves the content,and Chengxuan should be based on legal norms,and the way and process of Chengxuan should be adjusted according to the needs of governmental operation,so as to find a balanced strategy for efficient Chengxuan in the complexity and differences of political systems,normality and flexibility.