Study On The Mechanism Of Action Of Ginsenoside Rg1 On Liver Damage In Type 2 Diabetic Rats Induced By High-fat Diet Combined With Low-dose ST

Diabetes mellitus(DM)refers to metabolic disorders which is characterized by high plasma glucose caused by insulin deficiency and(or)insulin resistance,and can cause many chronic damage of tissues or organs and complications reducing the quality of life of patients,shortening life expectancy,and increasing mortality,then it has become the third major public health problem after cardiovascular and cancer.In general,type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is the subject of diabetes,accounting for about 95%of the total,and its rapidly growing incidence trends has brought a heavy physical,psychological and socio-economic burden to all of humanity.Recently studies show that diabetes is associated with liver disease.As one of the important metabolism organs of the body,liver plays an important role in maintaining the balance of plasma glucose metabolism.Ginsenosides Rgl is one of the main active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine ginseng,having anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anti-aging,neuroprotection,improving memory and other biological activity.Further more,the effects of having antifibrotic,adjuvant treatment of diabetes,diabetic nephropathy and other aspects of promoting angiogenesis have also been widespread concern.Therefore,it provides a basis for the feasible study of liver in T2DM rats with the treatment of Rg1.In this study,we provide the combination methods of high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)to copy the model of type 2 diabetes in rats.And we observe the difference of plasma glucose,insulin,insulin resistance index,lipids,liver function parameters,inflammation factor interleukin-1(IL-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),liver pathology,the mRNA and protein expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3,Bcl-2,Bax and the change of protein expressions of phosphorylation of JNK with or without the treatment of Rgl in order to explore the mechanism of ginsenosides Rg1 to liver in high-fat diet and streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats.Studies found that with increasing duration and dose of treatment of Rg1,plasma glucose,insulin,insulin resistance index,lipids,liver function parameters,inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1(IL-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)were significantly reduced(P<0.05);HE staining indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 could attenuate the pathological changes of liver;the changes of mRNA and protein expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)had no significant difference;the changes of mRNA and protein expressions of the phosphorylation of JNK,apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3 and Bax detected by real-time quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system(Q-PCR)and western blotting were decreased(P<0.05);the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 were increased(P<0.05).These findings suggested that we successfully replicated type 2 diabetic rats model,and ginsenosides Rg1 could reduce inflammatory reaction factors and inhibit the activation of JNK signaling pathway to decrease apoptosis of liver cells to protect the liver tissues in high-fat diet and streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats.