| Objective: By collecting clinical data from patients with dizziness,this study aims to explore the TCM syndrome patterns of dizziness,the distribution patterns of different syndrome patterns in related dizziness diseases,and the correlation between different syndrome patterns and influencing factors.This study aims to provide reference basis for the diagnosis and treatment of dizziness based on the combination of disease and syndrome,thereby further improving the level of integrated Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment for different dizziness disorders and the clinical efficacy.It also aims to provide reference ideas for the prevention and reduction of recurrence of dizziness diseases.Methods: From January 2022 to December 2022,patients who met the diagnostic criteria for dizziness were collected from the inpatient department and neurology outpatient department of a combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine hospital in Hunan Province.After screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 563 eligible cases were collected.Their medical history,TCM syndrome patterns,and four diagnostic methods were collected,and the collected data were uniformly entered into an Excel spreadsheet to establish a database of information.The statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 25 statistical software.Statistical methods such as composition ratio,chi-square test,Fisher’s exact probability method,and other statistical methods were used to analyze the TCM syndrome patterns of dizziness,the relationship between different dizziness disorders and influencing factors,and summarize the regularities.Results: Among the 563 patients with dizziness,the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.09.The average age was 62.11±13.25 years,and the age group most affected was between 50 and 69 years.The distribution of dizziness cases by season ranked from highest to lowest as follows: spring with 160 cases(28.4%),winter with 152 cases(27.0%),autumn with 127 cases(22.6%),and summer with 124 cases(22.0%).The top four comorbidities reported were hypertension in 99 cases(24.3%),cerebrovascular disease in 93 cases(22.9%),diabetes mellitus in 92 cases(22.6%),and coronary heart disease in 78 cases(19.2%).Some patients experienced dizziness without apparent triggers,while the majority of patients reported specific triggers before the onset of dizziness.The top four triggers reported were changes in body position in 172 cases(37.3%),emotional factors in 142 cases(30.8%),excessive fatigue in 130 cases(28.2%),and sleep disorders in 92 cases(20.0%).2.This study involved a total of 7 types of dizziness disorders,with the proportions as follows: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV)with 306 cases,accounting for54.4%;cerebral infarction with 117 cases,accounting for 20.8%;transient ischemic attack(TIA)with 23 cases,accounting for 4.1%;persistent postural-perceptual dizziness(PPPD)with 65 cases,accounting for 11.5%;Meniere’s disease with 46 cases,accounting for 8.2%;vestibular neuritis with 4 cases,accounting for 0.7%;and vestibular migraine with 2 cases,accounting for 0.3%.3.This study involved a total of 7 syndrome patterns,with the proportions as follows:wind-phlegm disturbance pattern with 201 cases,accounting for 35.70%;liver yang hyperactivity pattern with 159 cases,accounting for 28.24%;phlegm-stagnation blocking orifice pattern with 65 cases,accounting for 11.55%;liver depression and qi stagnation pattern with 79 cases,accounting for 14.03%;qi and blood deficiency pattern with 38 cases,accounting for 6.75%;kidney essence insufficiency pattern with 19 cases,accounting for 3.37%;and wind-evil disturbance pattern with 2 cases,accounting for 0.36%.4.The statistical analysis showed that there were correlations(P<0.05)between the TCM syndrome patterns of dizziness and patient gender,age,season of onset,triggering factors,comorbidities,different dizziness disorders,and the stage of the disease at the time of consultation.(1)Gender: In the liver yang hyperactivity pattern,males were more prevalent than females,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).In the qi and blood deficiency pattern and liver depression and qi stagnation pattern,females were more prevalent than males,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).(2)Age: In the liver yang hyperactivity pattern,the middle-aged group had the highest incidence compared to the other two groups,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).In the phlegm-stagnation blocking orifice pattern,the elderly group had the highest incidence compared to the other two groups,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).(3)Season of onset: In the liver yang hyperactivity pattern,the number of cases was highest in the spring compared to the other three seasons,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).In the phlegm-stagnation blocking orifice pattern,the number of cases was highest in the winter compared to the other three seasons,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).(4)Triggering factors: In the wind-phlegm disturbance pattern,changes in body position had the highest number of cases compared to the other three triggering factors,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).In the liver depression and qi stagnation pattern,emotional factors had the highest number of cases compared to the other three triggering factors,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).In the qi and blood deficiency pattern,excessive fatigue had the highest number of cases compared to the other three triggering factors,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).(5)Comorbidities: In the liver yang hyperactivity pattern,hypertension had the highest number of cases compared to other comorbidities,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).In the phlegm-stagnation blocking orifice pattern,cerebrovascular disease had the highest number of cases compared to other comorbidities,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).(6)Different dizziness disorders: In BPPV,the wind-phlegm disturbance pattern had the highest prevalence compared to other syndrome patterns,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).In PPPD,the liver depression and qi stagnation pattern had the highest prevalence compared to other syndrome patterns,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).In cerebral infarction and TIA,the phlegm-stagnation blocking orifice pattern had the highest prevalence compared to other syndrome patterns,with a significant statistical difference(P<0.01).(7)Regarding the stage of the disease at the time of consultation: Different TCM syndrome patterns showed unequal distributions in the acute stage of peripheral and central dizziness disorders(P<0.01),indicating a significant statistical difference.Similarly,different TCM syndrome patterns also showed unequal distributions in the remission stage of peripheral and central dizziness disorders(P<0.01),indicating a significant statistical difference.Conclusion:(1)Through this clinical investigation,it was found that dizziness is more common in middle-aged and elderly populations,with a higher prevalence in winter and spring seasons.Dizziness is characterized by comorbidity and multifactorial causes.(2)There is a correlation between TCM syndrome patterns of dizziness and gender,age,season of onset,triggering factors,comorbidities,dizziness-related diseases,and the stage of the disease at the time of consultation.BPPV is more common in the wind-phlegm disturbance pattern,and this pattern is also predominant during the acute stage of peripheral and central dizziness disorders.Liver yang hyperactivity pattern is more common in males,middle-aged individuals,and often occurs in spring.This pattern is frequently associated with hypertension and is predominant during the remission stage of peripheral dizziness disorders.Qi and blood deficiency pattern are more common in females,and dizziness is often triggered by excessive fatigue.Phlegm-stagnation blocking orifice pattern is more common in the elderly,prevalent in winter,and often comorbid with cerebrovascular diseases.This pattern is also seen in dizziness caused by TIA and cerebral infarction.The remission phase of central vertigo disease is also attributed to this syndrome.Liver depression and qi stagnation pattern are more common in females and are often triggered by emotional factors.This pattern is more prevalent in PPPD.Therefore,in the process of differential diagnosis and treatment of dizziness,consideration of the above factors based on the theory of combining disease and pattern differentiation is important.(3)Within controllable factors,active control of underlying diseases,maintaining regular routines,balancing work and rest,and regulating emotions can help prevent dizziness and reduce the risk of recurrence. |
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