A Study On The Reversal Of Bai Juyi's Poems In Dajiang Qianli J

As one of the three signs of Buddhism(ti-lakkhana),the thought of Nirvana is the core conception of Buddhism to achieve self-emancipation in life,and the study of Nirvana thought can be investigated from multiple perspectives,such as empirical,practical and psychological aspects.Nagarjuna,as a Mahayana Buddhist thinker,expressed his thought of "emptiness" from the primitive Buddhism’s thoughts,the Middle way and Cause-void theroy(pratitya-samutpada),in a logical argument.There are not,however,many academic paper on his "Theory of Nirvana";therefore,this paper will explore this thought in "Madhyamika-sastra" on the basis of being faithful to Nagarjuna’s text thoughts and in a dynamic perspective,combining with the background of the times to explicate its own value.According to the logical clue of the text,it is mainly divided into three parts,which is the introduction(first part),the first chapter to the fourth chapter(second part),and the conclusion(third part).The introductory part discusses the investigation of Nirvana thoughts in the academia and the investigation of thoughts of "Nirvana" and "emptiness" in Chinese records and books,including the study of "emptiness" in "Theories",ancient studies,some modern Chinese and Western studies,as well as the innovation and research significance of this paper.The first chapter is an investigation of the problem about Nirvanain conception in "Madhyamika-sastra".Firstly,it analyzes the development of Nagarjuna’s conception of "Nirvana" and the analysis of the definition sentence in his sastra.Secondly,according to the logic of Nagarjuna,The totality of the concept of Nirvana,including "the four judgment" in his text,the indistinguishability of Nirvana and mundane life,and finally,the unspeakable state of Nirvana,which to express that there is indiscrimination between normal life and stylite life,if someone achieve the state of Nirvana,but it is not possible to clarify the problems targeted by the Nagarjuna in the Nirvana Chapter,No.25.The second chapter is an analysis of Nagarjuna’s conception about "Nirvana" in the perspective of primitive Buddhism,which negate any entity in the thought of Nirvana,because of the the unequality thought in the early Indian religion.From the relationship between the "Nirvana view" and "emptiness" of Nagarjuna,he traces back to the theroies about the primitive Buddhism’s cause-void(pratitya-samutpada)and the Middle Way,which the the Middle Way is the standard for effective stylite and the understand of reality:it is neither ascetic nor acolasia,because his origin-cause theroy and the Middle Way are,from the Nagarjuna’s view,inseparable from the emptiness thought,as it can be seen from the character No.24 of Madhyamika-sastra",and it also denies the "entity"(Svabhavakakaya)about the theory of Nirvana in Hinayana Buddhism.The third chapter discusses Nagarjuna’s sublation of Hinayana Buddhism from two aspects.Taking The Sarvaastivaada School as the core,one aspect is a fundamental fundamental reform about the conception of Nirvana of the Hinayana Buddhism from the perspective of "emptiness" to deny any entity;the second is that from the methodological point of view,the divisions emphasize the division of "you yu nie pan" and "wu yu nie pan",which also will be negated,so the methodology will inevitably be contrary to the importance of practicing in the mundane life.Last but not least,Chapter 4 reviews the Nirvana concept on the basis above the three chapters,so that the meaning of the selflessness of Nagarjuna’s conception of Nirvana can be more clearly explicited,and thus the understanding the meaning of concepts,and further study of the cognitive activities with his Nirvana concept in the scope of the analysis of the realization of the definition of Nagarjuna’s conception about Nirvana.Thus,nirvana is indistinguishable from the mundane life,in terms of its emptiness,expressing the meaning of self-nature(svabhava)in Buddhism,while encouraging human beings to actively participate in the mundane life and emphasizing the significance of practicing in the world.