Analysis On Benefit Differences Of Water Utilization Among The Riparian Countries Within The Lancang-Mekong River Basin

Lancang-Mekong River is one of the most important transboundary rivers in Asia.With the continuous growth of population and economy in the basin,the demand and development intensity of water benefits in riparian countries are continuously increasing.In this study,the water benefits of planting industry,fishery,power generation and shipping are selected.The market price method is used to calculate the four kinds of water utilization benefit,and the differences of water utilization benefit among different countries were compared.At the same time,taking the water utilization benefit of planting industry as an example,the differences and characteristics of influencing factors of water utilization benefit of planting industry in riparian countries were discussed.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(Ⅰ)Whether in the base year or the current year,the total benefit of water resources utilization in the three downstream countries(Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia)is greater than that in the three upstream countries(China,Laos and Myanmar).In the current year,benefits of different types of water use from large to small: planting industry,fishery,shipping and power generation.China and Laos pay more attention to the benefit of power generation,while Myanmar,Thailand,Cambodia and Vietnam focused on water utilization benefit of planting industry and fishery.(Ⅱ)There are obvious differences in the water utilization benefits of the riparian countries: the water utilization benefit of planting industry shows that downstream countries are more than upstream countries.In the current year,the total water utilization benefit of planting industry is about $ 74.5 billion.Vietnam has the largest benefit,about $ 33.8 billion,followed by Thailand,Cambodia,Laos,China and Myanmar.The benefit of Vietnam and Thailand accounts for about 70 % of the total.The water utilization benefit of planting industry in Laos and Cambodia grew rapidly,while China grew the slowest.Except China and Laos,the water utilization benefit of other countries is mainly rice output value.The water utilization benefit of fishery also showed that the downstream was more than the upstream,the total amount of Vietnam was the largest,about $ 20.4 billion,and maintained rapid growth;The benefits of Myanmar and Laos increased rapidly,but their total amount was relatively small,and the total amount of China was small and the growth rate was the slowest.Thailand and Cambodia focus on capture fishery and other countries on aquaculture.In 2019,the water utilization benefit of power generation in the basin was about $ 16.4 billion.China’s water utilization benefit of power generation is the largest,about 8.4 $ billion,followed by Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,Thailand and Myanmar.The water utilization benefit of shipping is increasing from upstream to downstream,which is basically held by Vietnam,followed by Cambodia.The water utilization benefit of shipping in Vietnam in 2019 was $ 24.9 billion,accounts for about 76 % of the total.(Ⅲ)The main factors affecting the development of crop industry in riparian countries are resource endowment,planting structure and agricultural input.Differences in arable land resources have a significant impact on differences in water utilization benefit of planting industry.In Myanmar,Laos and Cambodia,the water utilization benefit of planting industry was greatly affected by the lack of agricultural input.Under the comprehensive effects of natural conditions,planting structure and agricultural input,the differences in water use efficiency of planting in riparian countries were formed.