The Concession And The Construction Of The Nation-State In Modern China

The state is an important political carrier in today’s international society and plays a pivotal role in national social life and international exchanges.In the early 1980s,with the rise of the "Retrieving the State" movement,the "state—centred theory" returned to the academic horizon.After sorting out the history of the emergence and development of Western European countries,Tilly combined the two variables of "coercion" and"capital",trying to discuss the interaction between the two,and then interpret the different construction results of Western European countries and compare the differences.He believes that the concentration of war,capital and coercion drives the formation of modern countries.According to the different combinations of coercion and capital,three paths for the formation of Western European countries can be concluded,namely coercion—intensive,capital—intensive and capitalized coercion.On the other hand,China,as the only ancient civilization that has survived to this day,has entered a "change unseen in a thousand years" after being forcibly opened by Western colonists with strong boats and guns.The feudal regime was in a full—scale crisis after encountering the impact of modern Western civilization,and China has since embarked on the road of nation—state construction.It can be seen that,compared with the formation of early European countries,the construction of the Chinese nation—state began with the pull of external forces,and the development of the concessions is the continuation of the external forces.Therefore,fully excavating the characteristics and forms of the relationship between the concession and the construction of the nation—state in modern China is conducive to further enriching the theoretical system of nation—state construction.This paper sorts out the research schools and typical theories of nation—state construction,avoids the single disciplinary thinking of politics and history,and tries to outline a theoretical framework suitable for the analysis of nation—state construction in modern China,namely political power,The dynamic relationship and characteristics of capital and class.Based on the research needs,this paper will select the history of changes in the Hankou Concession from 1861 to 1945 as the research interval,and according to the overall development of the Hankou Concession from 1861 to 1945,it will be divided into three different periods,namely the budding period and the opening period(1861—1895),period of expansion and expansion(1895—1917),period of upheaval and withdrawal(1917—1945).The three periods are both interrelated and different from each other.The dimensions of political power,capital,and class are closely related to the construction of the nation—state in modern China,and present distinct phase characteristics and contents.According to the changing history of Hankou Concession,on the basis of fully interpreting and analyzing the process of nation—state construction in modern China,three key variables are extracted from several variables of nation—state construction analysis:regime,capital and class.By using a new analytical framework,this paper comprehensively analyzes the relationship and stage characteristics between the changes of the Hankou Concession and the construction of the modern Chinese nation—state,and further summarizes the three dimensions of the Hankou Concession and the construction of the modern Chinese nation—state between the three dimensions of political power,capital and class.Under the dual role of the political power and capital,the old and new classes achieve the alternation,and even some classes have a fundamental impact on the evolution and development of the political power and capital.