A Study On The Chinese Textbook "Huayu Kuibu" In The Meiji Period Of Japa

Huayu Kuibu is based on the daily life of the people of Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty and reflects the language of Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty.Using three methods: historical research,comparative analysis and statistical analysis,we attempt to conduct a comprehensive examination of the three aspects of Huayu Kuibu in terms of phonetics,vocabulary and grammar,and use them as a basis for further analysis of the philosophy of Chinese language teaching reflected in Huayu Kuibu.In the phonological section,it was found that there are 22 vowels in Huayu Kuibu,which are already largely consistent with modern Beijing dialect.There are a total of 38 rhymes in the Huayu Kuibu,of which the rhyme o[o] has not yet fully differentiated into the modern Beijing dialect rhyme e[(?)] and rhyme e[(?)];the rhyme üo[yo] is developing into the modern Beijing dialect rhyme üe[y(?)];and the rhyme iai[iai] is developing into the modern Beijing dialect rhyme ie[i(?)].The tonal categories are basically the same as those of modern Beijing dialect,but they differ somewhat in terms of the description of the four tones of pronunciation.In the vocabulary section,it is found that its vocabulary is mainly characterised by the following features: the words are categorised for study and richly included;the dialect words are mostly derived from the daily life of the people of Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty;foreign words are mainly represented in the phonetic category,phonetic plus Italian translation category,Italian translation category,and old bottles with new wine category.In the grammar section,the following grammatical phenomena were observed: The second person honorific "nina" has developed into "nin";The question pronoun "duozan" is used most frequently to inquire about time;The adverb "suo" appears.Chinese teaching philosophy research section.By examining the type of compilation,the options of teaching items,and the arrangement of teaching items in Huayu Kuibu,By examining the compilation features,the selection of teaching items,and the organization of teaching items in Huayu Kuibu,we finally conclude with the following insights into the writing of Chinese language textbooks for phonetics: Firstly,emphasise on vocal tone practice;Secondly,focus on the diversity of forms of phonetics practice.Insights from the development of vocabulary in Chinese textbooks: Firstly,organise vocabulary by category;Secondly,focus on the scientific nature of vocabulary organisation;Thirdly,select commonly used dialect words;Fourthly,select vocabulary that is up-to-date;Fifthly,choose word forms that are currently in common use.Insights from the preparation of grammar in Chinese textbooks:First,the selection of grammatical items that are practical and communicative;Second,the selection of grammatical items that are appropriate to the level of the students;Third,the selection of grammatical items with linguistic characteristics.