A Comparative Study On The Migration Of Big Families In Hedong In Wei-jin And Northern And Southern Dynasties

The scope of Hedong discussed in this paper is roughly the same as that of Hedong County during the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the area is north to Fenshui and Kuaishui,west and south to Yellow River,and the east is bounded by Wangwu Mountain.The development of the Hedong big families living here is also different.In the Qin and Han Dynasties,the Pei was influenced by the customs of Hedong,and the characteristic of “force” was more obvious.In the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the family changed from the force border generals to the central cultural family,and the family entered a period of rapid development.Compared with the Pei,the Liu developed slowly,and there were also signs of becoming a cultural family in the Western Jin Dynasty.The first largescale migration of the Hedong big families can be traced back to the fact that the Xue moved from Shu to Fenyin after the fall of Shu.The surrender made them politically inactive,development in this period was slow.The Yongjia Rebellion opened the prelude to the dispersal of the big families in Hedong,and the development pattern of the families is also gradually changing.The migration during the Northern Wei Dynasty was represented by the return of Xue Andu and Pei Shuye.During the reign of Emperor Xianwen,the Southern Ancestor of the Xue family joined Wei,and based on Emperor Xiaowen’s policy of “returning to the hometown”,their power in Hedong was rebuilt.The Pei,who came from the south,returned to Wei in the first year of Jingming,many of his descendants and relatives didn’t hold a post in Hedong.Emperor xuanwu’s period basically continued the policy of treating people surrendering in the period of Xianwen and Xiaowen.However,due to the long-term migration,for the Pei from the south,the “Yuzhou identity” based on the region and the accumulated political resources and relationship network have shaken the desire for Hedong.In addition,the family member who stayed in Hedong has been operating in Hedong for a long time,and the local development space is relatively limited.In the eyes of the rules,it is difficult for them to return to Hedong to play a greater role,and it isn’t the best choice for them.At the end of the Northern Dynasties,the migration of Hedong big families mainly in the east-west direction,which was closely related to the situation of political opposition.There are only a handful of people in Hedong families who moved to Western Wei following Xiaowu.After the victory of the Western Wei Dynasty in the Battle of Shayuan,a wave of rushing westward was set off.In the Northern Zhou Dynasty,the westward migration of the Hedong big families was mainly in two ways: capture and migration after the country was destroyed.Hedong is the junction area of the regime,and the support of the big families is very important for the ownership of the land in Hedong.Therefore,the rulers of the two sides often used members of the big families to serve in Hedong to call on the local people.This measure was very obvious in the battles between Tongguan,Longmen,Yangshibi,and Zhengyi.The Western Liu is also in this wave of westward migration.One of the effects of the rich migration process of the family is the constant change of the place of residence.After rushing to the Western Wei Dynasty,they settled in Chang’an under the promotion of the official “conferring surname”,and the trend of centralization became more and more obvious,realizing the revival of the family.