Research On Pottery Ovens Excavated In The Tombs Of Han Dynasty In Shanxi

During the Han Dynasty,the funerary system changed greatly,including the shape of the tomb and the types of funerary objects.In terms of funerary objects,pottery oven is one of the important symbols of this revolution,and also becomes the typical pottery of this period.In addition,stoves played an important role in daily life and sacrifice during the Han Dynasty,and Shanxi has its special geographical location.Therefore,studying the evolution of pottery stoves buried in tombs in Shanxi is helpful to understand the changes of funeral customs in this region at that time.At present,127 pottery stoves in The Han tombs in Shanxi have been collected.According to the classification standard of pottery stoves by scholars,the pottery stoves in the Han tombs in this area are divided into 6 types,namely horseshoe shape,trapezoid,circle,pentagonal,square and rectangular.The development of pottery stoves in this area can be divided into five periods: the middle western Han Dynasty,the late Western Han Dynasty,the Xinmang Period,the early Eastern Han Dynasty and the late Eastern Han Dynasty.In the geographical distribution,the south of Shanxi,southeast of Shanxi,Middle of Shanxi and north of Shanxi showed different characteristics.In the southern part of Shanxi Province: it appeared earlier.In the middle of western Han Dynasty,horseshoe-shaped pottery ovens began to appear.In the late Western Han Dynasty,rectangular pottery ovens were popular.In jinzhong region: in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty,horseshoe shaped pottery stoves with five fireeyes began to appear,and continued to be popular from the late Western Han dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty.In northern Shanxi Province: In the late Western Han Dynasty,pottery stoves with three and five fire eyes in the shape of a horseshoe began to appear,and continued to be popular in the early Eastern Han Dynasty.In the late Eastern Han Dynasty,rectangular pottery stoves dominated,and rectangular ones with screen walls appeared in special shape.Southeast Shanxi region: the eastern Han Dynasty began to appear,mainly rectangular pottery stove with three fire eyes.Pottery stoves first appeared in qin tombs in Guanzhong area,and horseshoe-shaped pottery stoves were mainly buried in tombs in the Western Han Dynasty.Influenced by The Guanzhong area,in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty,pottery ovens in the shape of a horseshoe with three fire eyes began to appear in the south of Shanxi.It appeared later in the middle and north of Shanxi and became popular in the late Western Han Dynasty.From the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the late Eastern Han Dynasty,rectangular pottery ovens were popular in Luoyang.In the Eastern Han Dynasty,as Luoyang became a new political center,pottery ovens in Shanxi also had a great impact,the shape and system of pottery ovens changed,and rectangular ovens were the main ones.The uniformity of the shape and ornamentation of the pottery oven reflects the trend of commercialization.At the same time,the defective pottery stoves and the discovery of the stove surface moulds in the pottery kiln ruins also reflect that the pottery stoves had already begun to be centralized and large-scale produced in the pottery manual workshops at that time,which made them have the property of commodities.It was because of the large-scale production that the pottery stove was widely popular in this region.