A Study On The Grammatical Categories Of Spoken Verbs In Ujumchin

Ujumchin belongs to the Chahar spoken language Dialect together with the Chahar,Sonid,Abag,Hishigten,shilinhot,Dorbed,Urat,and Darhan Muminggan’s spoken languages.Besides,Chahar vernacular also contained the spoken languages of the Ujumchin Mongolians lived in the Sukhbaatar and Dornod provinces of Mongolia.The study of Ujumchin spoken language began with the book "Information on Eastern Mongolian Dialects " written by A.D.Rudnev(A.D.Руднев)in 1911.The book contains a brief description of the Ujumchin spoken language,and the study is still ongoing today.The most systematic study on the Ujumchin spoken language in China is the book named "Ujumchin Vernacular",which is co-authored by Hohbars and Qimeg.The work contains various studies of Ujumchin spoken language,such as phonetics,grammar,syntax,and vocabulary.In addition,several monographs about Ujumchin spoken language,composed by postgraduate students from universities,have further advanced the study of Ujumchin spoken language.However,no one has specifically studied the grammar of Ujumchin spoken language in previous studies.To make up for the gaps in the academic world,to further deepen the study of Ujumchin spoken language,and to provide little information for the study of Mongolian synchronic studies,I chose the topic and surveyed spoken language in East and West Ujumchin Banner,Xilin Gol League,Inner Mongolia,to discuss the grammatical categories of verbs in Ujumchin spoken language and clarify its unique features with the case description method and comparison method.The paper consists of six parts,including introduction,four chapters for main research and Conclusion.The introduction section clearly explains the general situation of Ujumchin,research profile,reason and significance of the topic,research method,and research materials.The first chapter introduces the mood categories of Ujumchin spoken language and does a classification research on the indicative and imperative mood of Ujumchin spoken language.The usage form and meaning of the suffixes related to the past,present,and future tense of the indicative mood,the suffixes related to the beginning or end of the indicative mood,and the suffixes associated with the first person of the imperative mood,the suffixes in the first person,second person,and third person of the imperative forms are introduced with examples.The second chapter introduces the voice category of Ujumchin spoken language verbs,illustrates the viewpoint that volitional voice of Ujumchin spoken language verbs is expressed by connecting the verb stem with the indicative mood suffix and other suffixes,and presents the usage form and meaning of passive voice suffixes[-Akt/-?kt],[-t];causative voice suffixes[-(?):l/-u:l],[-lkA:/-lk?:/-lk(?):/-lko:],[-lAk/-l?k],[-kA:/-k?:/-ko:/-ko:];reciprocal voice suffix[-lt];coincident voice suffix[-lt(?)h];multiple voice suffixes[-t(?)kA:/-t(?)k?:/-t(?)k(?):/-t(?)ko:].This section gives a clear account of some suffixes of voice categories found in the survey but did not appear in past studies,and other suffixes that appeared in past studies but did not appear in our survey then puts forward the idea that the roots generated when transitive and intransitive verbs connected with the suffixes of reciprocal voice are not only intransitive verbs but also transitive verbs.For example,according to the book " Ujumchin vernacular " by Hohbars,Qimge,and some linguistic works,the roots are generated when Mongolian reciprocal voice suffixes are attached to transitive and are intransitive verbs.In the present survey of spoken language in Ujumchin,there are instances of transitive verbs when the suffixes of the reciprocal voice suffixes are connected after transitive,intransitive verbs.E.g.the examples of[xo:t(?)hγltγn]、[pεr(?)lt(?):lA:t]、[p(?)lA:lt(?)(?)f]in[kAl(?)xtfh (?):t jAt(?):t(?)utu:εmt(?)rt(?)ε:kA:t (?)j(?):n(?)xAni:jix xo:t(?)hγltγn,xun thurulxithγnε:(?)j(?):n (?)xAnε:ju:ki jix xunthγthkγn.]、[n(?)thki:n Ax(?)n pεr(?)lt(?):lA:t pεr(?)lt(?):lA:tt(?)h?k?:t (?)t(?):th?r…]、[n?k (?)tA:ut(?)umt(?)h in kAl(?)x x(?)jir n?k th?m?:p(?)lA:lt(?)t(?) k?n.]are transitive verbs.The third chapter examines the aspect category of Ujumchin spoken language verbs,divided into suffix method,analysis method,and iterative method to represent the aspect category,and explains their usage form and meaning with examples.The suffix method includes completion aspect,request completion aspect,repetition manufacturing aspect,and transient aspect;the analysis method includes ongoing continuous aspect,repetition continuous aspect,and continuation continuous aspect;the iterative method details progressive continuous aspect,repeated progressive aspect,and persistent aspect.The fourth chapter examines the generic category of Ujumchin spoken language verb concerning past studies on the generic category of Mongolian.It clarifies the characteristics of using the generic category in the Ujumchin spoken language.The generic meaning of Ujumchin spoken language verbs is introduced with examples of the form of[m]consonant added before the vowel-starting verb as post-verb reuse and the features of the post-verb reuse after the replacement of the pre-consonant of a consonant-starting verb with[m]except for[m]and the addition of[-ji-]after that verb.The conclusion section summarizes the text’s content and central idea,explains the new phenomena found in the survey and expresses some of the ideas that should be discussed with the readers.