An Experimental Study On The Intonation Acquisition Of The “Shi…De” Structure Of Indonesian Learners

The sentence "shi…de" is one of the most common and most error-prone sentence among Indonesian students.In this paper,we quantitatively analyzed the phonological performance of Indonesian students’ "shi.…de" emphatic sentences and compared it with Chinese students’ standard Mandarin.Based on the analysis of Chinese students’ speech performance,we found that:(1)the range of the focal point in the structure of"shi…de" is extended,and the sound length is generally lengthened,but the volume is not necessarily enhanced;(2)the focal point in the sentence "shi…de" is mainly performed by the extension of the vocal range,in two ways: the upper limit of the treble is raised and the lower limit of the treble is lowered;(3)the rhythmic boundary between the front and back of the focal point is very obvious;(4)the final syllable of the key group in which the focal point is located is extended.(5)The focal marker "shi" in"shi…de"(1)and "shi…de(2)can be identified as an emphatic adverb.The phonological errors in the "shi…de" sentences include too narrow a focus range,too short a focus duration,too small a focus amplitude,unclear rhyming word boundaries,and mispronounced stress.In terms of the grammatical composition of the focus,Indonesian students performed better with the intonation of "shi" + noun structure + "de" than with "shi" + predicative component + "de".The causes of Indonesian students’ "shi…de" stress errors are complex,including interlingual errors,intralingual errors,and the influence of the learning environment.Teachers of Chinese as a foreign language should pay more attention to the teaching of rhythm,combine the teaching of morphemes with the teaching of speech flow,combine the teaching of sentence stress with the teaching of spoken language,strengthen the practice of chanting and stopping,cultivate students’ sense of rhythm,and reduce the phenomenon of "foreign accent".