A Study On Adverbs In Lishi Dialect Of Shanxi Province

This thesis takes Lishi dialect adverbs as the research object,and adopts the principle of combining meaning and form,divides the 111 adverbs of Lishi dialect into six categories and thirty-one subcategories,describes the semantic and syntactic distribution of different types of adverbs in more detail,and reveals the basic features of the adverb system in Lishi dialect.In terms of quantity,there are 20 manner adverbs,2 negative adverbs,24 degree adverbs,16 scope adverbs,31 time adverbs and 18 modal adverbs.Specifically,manner adverbs are divided into three subcategories:expressing state,expressing cooperation and expressing mode.They usually modify action verbs and verb phrases.Negative adverbs are divided into bu,to express a simple negation,and ma,to express a negation of the already existing.They can both modify verb components and character adjectives.Degree adverbs are divided into absolute and relative categories.Absolute degree adverbs present the rank sequence of ultra high,high,low and ultra low,while relative degree adverbs present the rank sequence of ultra high,high and low,such adverbs can modify verb components and character adjectives.Scope adverbs are divided into three categories: adverb of general scope,adverb of unique scope,and adverb of limiting scope.Under the adverb of general scope,there are two subcategories of representation quantity and representation range.These adverbs can all modify verb components,and a few can modify character adjectives.Time adverbs are divided into three categories: table time adverbs,table frequency adverbs and table order adverbs.Table time adverbs are divided into tense adverbs and aspect adverbs.Tense adverbs include two subcategories that represent the past and represent the future.Aspect adverbs include three subcategories of representing already,representing progress and representing short time.Table frequency adverbs include three subcategories of high frequency,medium frequency and low frequency.Table order adverbs include two subcategories of representation order and representation repetition.These adverbs can all modify verb components,and some can modify character adjectives.Modal adverbs are divided into five categories: affirmative mood,emphatic mood,speculative mood,deep research mood,and fluke mood.Most of them can not only modify the predicate component in the sentence,but also can be shifted to the beginning of the sentence before the subject to modify the entire sentence.To sum up,the classification of Lishi dialect adverbs based on semantics also has consistency in syntactic distribution.Compared with Mandarin,Lishi dialect adverbs show certain particularity.First,most of the adverbs in Lishi dialect are absent in Mandarin.Second,the adverbs with the same semantics as Mandarin differ in distribution.Third,there are fewer types of time adverbs in Lishi dialect,such as no adverbs that express the present tense,express the meaning of the past,and express the meaning of the future.Fourth,some degree adverbs in Lishi dialect can modify action verbs,which retains the characteristics of degree adverbs in modern Chinese.