Typology Of Horseshoe Kilns In Southern China From Tang Dynasty To Ming Dynasty

This paper takes the horseshoe kilns discovered by archeology in southern China as the main research object,and analyzes the distribution,classification and staging of the horseshoe kilns in southern China and the characteristics and sources of each region according to the changes of the internal structure,kiln tools and fuels of the kiln.According to the analysis,horseshoe kiln is widely distributed in the south,covering the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeast coastal areas.According to the different surface shapes of horseshoe kiln,it can be divided into five categories: trapezoid,round,oval,triangle and square.In the development process of The Times,the fire chamber,kiln bed,chimney and fuel were constantly improved and improved.According to different development conditions,the horseshoe kiln was divided into three stages and six stages,namely,the early 7th century to the late 10 th century,the early 11 th century to the early 14 th century,the mid14 th century to the late 16 th century.Through staging,it is found that the distribution of horseshoe kilns in southern China is scattered and inconsistent in time.Guangdong Province and Sichuan 至 Chongqing region,where the distribution of horseshoe kilns is concentrated,are taken as the main research object to study their sources and characteristics.Horseshoe kilns in Guangdong are not transformed from brick kiln firing,but mainly used for celadon firing in Guangdong,whose source is influenced by Yaozhou kiln.The loading and firing tools,loading and firing methods and products of horseshoe kiln in Sichuan and Chongqing area are closely related to the constant kiln.In Sichuan area,makeup soil was applied on the body of the ware and "Mengkou" black glaze ware was found.All these indicate that the horseshoe kiln in Sichuan and Chongqing area is affected by the constant kiln.Hangzhou Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Kiln and Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory are two clear imperial kiln sites,and horseshoe kiln has been found.Comparing Ru kiln,Jiao Tan Xia Imperial Kiln,Xiunei Imperial Kiln and Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln from the aspects of shape,firing tools and production system,the latter has obvious inheritance and close connection with the former.