| Since the manuscript of Economics and Philosophy 1844 was published for the first time in 1932,there have been controversies in the theoretical circles at home and abroad on how to define the theoretical position of the manuscript and its theoretical position in the development of Marx’s thought.Throughout the basic viewpoints of the academic circles at home and abroad,there are mainly "two Marxes" and "One Horse theory".The interpretation of the "two Marx" scheme to basic qualitative theoretical position of the manuscript to Feuerbach’s abstract humanism,and on its theoretical position to have the manuscript as the main body of Marx’s early thoughts and later thought since the "German ideology",Marx’s philosophy and political economics critique dissever and opposition.The interpretation scheme of "Yi-Ma Theory" is devoted to breaking through the rupture between Marx’s early and late thought,philosophical criticism and political economy criticism,but there are also diversified paths on how to show the intrinsic relationship between them.However,there are some theoretical links that need to be perfected in the explanation scheme of "Yima Theory".We believe that only the theoretical source of the study of Marx’s political economy can be substantively traced back to the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844,and only the construction of Marx’s philosophical criticism and new philosophical world view can be regarded as a precursor theoretical work subordinate to the criticism of political economy.Only in this way can the history and logic of the development of Marx’s early and late thoughts,philosophical criticism and political economy criticism be substantively comprehended,the "rupture theory" interpretation scheme of "Two Marxes" be completely overturned,and the interpretation logic of "One Horse theory" be thorough sex to carried out.Systematically show the relationship between the criticism of the premise of national economics and its basic theoretical achievements and the study of Das Kapital,the criticism of the communist trend of thought and the communist theory after the German Ideology,the criticism of Hegel’s dialectics and the whole philosophy and the essential construction of the new philosophical world outlook.Especially confirmed this association in what sense is not external correlation but the inner material related,at the same time through the rough sex to forward a preliminary demonstrated Marx at the source of inoculation and expression of how the new ideas,new paradigm in the subsequent development of ideas to reveal and propulsion,became a still has the important academic significance of the research topic.Based on this exploration,the theoretical position of Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844 in the development of Marx’s thought can be presented more accurately.The overall text structure of The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in1844 is composed of three major parts: the economic criticism with "alienated labor and private property" as the main body,the social criticism with "private property and communism" as the main body,and the philosophical criticism with "the dialectic of Hegel and the whole philosophy criticism" as the main body.These three criticisms constitute an organic theoretical whole.Among them,philosophical criticism is the most basic and core part of the three criticisms.Economic criticism is the application of philosophical criticism in the field of economic research and the development of philosophical criticism in the theory of national economic criticism.Social criticism is the soul and destination of economic criticism and philosophical criticism.The analysis of the theoretical position of Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of1844 in the development of Marx’s thought must be based on the theoretical perspective of its being a complete theoretical whole and the inner connection of the three criticisms.In holistic perspective of relevance theory,theory of alienation labor as the main body of the economic criticism is not only Marx has preliminarily established the communist politics theory of expression,as well as in "critique of Hegel’s dialectics and the whole philosophy" as the main body of the philosophy of positive results,namely the "sensuous activity" philosophy of the premise.The former decides that Marx must criticize the theoretical premise of national economics--no historical private property,because the permanence of private property has cancelled the legitimacy of proletarian liberation;The latter determines Marx’s unique philosophical path to break the permanence of private property.This is because when Marx tries to prove that it is not private property as an eternal economic fact that leads to alienated labor,but alienated labor that leads to historical private property through the analysis of the four rules of alienated labor.He consciously realized that all analysis and argumentation could not be based on the abstract presupposition and value judgment of ideal labor.When politics and philosophy based on new paths,presents the historical origin of private property,and overturned on the basis of the theory premise of national economics,based on the alienation labor led to the principled stand of private property and the theory of new premises,reconstructing the theoretical system of national economics,construct the political economy of the proletariat,It became a very important theoretical subject in front of Marx,and Marx did put forward this urgent theoretical subject for himself.What appears here is the initial expression of Marx’s "Das Kapital" research topic,and the research of "Das Kapital" for which Marx devoted his whole life is the realization of this theoretical appeal.In such an interpretation scheme,Marx’s early and late thought,philosophical criticism and economic criticism of the double rupture is fundamentally broken through and disintegrated.The subversion of the theoretical premise of national economics or the theoretical presentation of the historicity of private property also means the theoretical legitimacy of communism,while the economic facts of alienated labor and private property provide a realistic basis for the possibility of communism.However,faced with the theoretical chaos of the existing "communist trend of thought",Marx realized that he must make a scientific explanation of communism.Marx reviewed and analyzed the historical forms and basic propositions of communism in the past,especially clearly realized and systematically analyzed their theoretical limitations and roots.As far as their theoretical limitations are concerned,the former communist thoughts are nothing but the universalization of private property,and the root cause of this essential limitation is that they do not understand the positive and subject nature of private property.In criticizing the premise of national economics,Marx has first revealed that the positive nature of private property is the externalization of man’s essential power.On this basis,the positive sublation of private property can only be understood as sublation of man’s self-alienation,as well as the repossession of man’s essential power.According to this,Marx defined communism as both essential and scientific: "Communism is the positive sublation and abandonment of private property,namely the self-alienation of man,and therefore the real possession of man’s essence through man and for man;It is,therefore,man’s return to himself,that is,to society,that is,to the human man,and this return is a complete return,consciously realized and within the limits of all the wealth that has been developed before." At the same time,in the criticism of the premise of national economics theory,Marx has first revealed that the subject nature of private property is labor(alienated labor);On this basis,the positive sublation of private property must rise to the height of sublation and alienation of labor;Alienation of labor is manifested in four aspects of labor products,labor activities,human nature and alienation of people,but in the final analysis,it is manifested in two aspects of human and nature(nature as labor products)and alienation of people.According to this,Marx not only promoted communism to the height of actively sublating alienated labor,but also attributed the core of actively sublating alienated labor to the solution of contradictions between man and nature and between man and man.Because Marx called the solution of contradiction between man and nature "naturalism" and the solution of contradiction between man and man"humanitarianism",these two contradictions must be solved at the same time.It is in this sense that Marx further expressed communism as "this kind of communism,as completed naturalism,equals humanism,and as completed humanism equals naturalism,it is the real solution of the contradiction between man and nature and between man and man.It is the real solution of the struggle between being and essence,objectification and self-confirmation,freedom and necessity,individual and class.If we can realize clearly in the "economic and philosophical manuscripts of1844",Marx’s understanding of "person" is the real point to have outside as workers and individual personal as capitalists,and communism but there is the opposition between production and development to the labor and capital is the inevitable result of the reality of the opposite,So Marx’s interpretation of communism has clearly been fundamentally different from bourgeois humanitarianism.Of course,Marx could not confirm the historical inevitability and historical possibility of communism from the perspective of human history evolution and development law.This work was possible only when it progressed to the period of the German Ideology.In this regard,only the creation of historical materialism laid a solid theoretical foundation for Marx’s proposition of communism,and then guided Marx to the Communist Manifesto and to the scientific demonstration and systematic expression of communism.As far as the study of Das Kapital is concerned,it is not only an economic analysis of the capitalist relations of production and its development rules,but also an economic demonstration of the inevitable demise of capitalism and the inevitable victory of communism.As the third part of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844,"Criticism of Hegel’s dialectics and the whole philosophy" not only lays the theoretical foundation of labor dialectics with "alienated labor and private property" as the main body of economic criticism,but also is a necessary theoretical link to solve the problems left over by economic criticism.When Marx put forward the research topic of "Das Kapital" to reconstruct the theoretical system of national economics in his economic criticism,Marx realized that there are two prerequisite tasks that must be solved first: first,as the result of alienated labor,how private property has historically evolved into industrial capital;Second,how labor is alienated.In order to solve these two prerequisite tasks,Marx must first do deep philosophical thinking on labor dialectics.At the same time,the social criticism with "private property and communism" as the main body has also initially opened the way to systematic thinking of labor dialectics: When Marx had to define communism the solution of the problem between human and nature,between human beings,and the communism as a state of "naturalism" society,the unity of man and nature or the objective relationship can only be in the "practice",namely in the real individual objective activity or in the"sensuous activity".This led Marx to formulate the basic stipulation of labor dialectics in a preliminary but essential way based on "the criticism of Hegel’s dialectics and the whole philosophy".Outline of Feuerbach is already in "economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844","all of its core point of labor concentrated expression of the dialectics,based on perceptual activity or practice activity as the theoretical foundation of new philosophical paradigm theory declared,and later the German ideology is the realization of this new philosophical paradigm,is out of historical materialism.But at the same time,we must also see that the concrete development of this new philosophical paradigm is not a pure philosophical event,nor is it only to clarify the theoretical boundary with young Hagelism and Hegel’s philosophy,it also has a theoretical motive that can not be ignored.This theory is implicated in "economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844" legacy of economic critique,namely in order to reconstruct the theory system of national economics,in order to construct the political economy of the proletariat,alienation labor is must answer what happened,must also be shown as a result of the alienation labor evolution process for the history of the industrial capital of private property.We see,in the "German ideology" there is a sharp ideological logic,it is the historical premise from the real individual labor,with the aid of "spontaneous division of labor," Marx cracked labor become alienated labor,private property of the historical process of evolution of industrial capital,cracked towards "das kapital" studies must first solve the two fist task.At the same time,the theoretical framework and elements of historical materialism as well as the theoretical boundary between the new philosophy and the old philosophy have also obtained the core presentation.After this,the study of Das Kapital has become an inevitable theoretical event,and the Poverty of Philosophy and the Manifesto of the Communist Party are only further theoretical preparations for the arrival of this theoretical event.From this point of view,the philosophical criticism and the theoretical construction of the new philosophical world outlook in Marx’s early thought process are essentially subordinate to the critique of political economy,which is the necessary preparation for the critique of political economy.It also establishes the scientific world outlook and methodology for the critique of political economy,which in turn verifies,advances and develops historical materialism. |
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