The Configuration System Study Of Character Written On Bamboo Slips Ⅸ Of The Three Kingdoms Period Unearthed From Zoumalou In Changsha

Zoumalou Bamboo Slips,produced in the period of the Three Kingdoms,are the most important newly unearthed documents in China,which have been selected as one of the 100 major archaeological discoveries in the 20 th century,possessing high philological,philological and historical values.The style of the Slips has transitional characteristics,which is in the critical period of the calligraphic evolution from Li to Kai and plays a link role between the past and the future,including Li,Cao,Kai,Xing.Bamboo Slips Ⅸ of the Three Kingdoms Period Unearthed from Zoumalou in Changsha(Cultural Relics Publishing House,2019),a total of 7810 slips are collected,with 90,000 words,in which consists of 1270 characters.However,due to poor preservation of the Slips and other reasons,this thesis takes 1162 clear and recognizable characters as the basic research materials.Based on Mr.Wang Ning’s Theory of Chinese Character Formation,this thesis systematically describes the realistic situation of the characters in Bamboo Slips IX by means of descriptive analysis,statistical quantification,comparative induction,etc,and investigates and analyzes its character system,providing materials and theoretical basis for the study of Chinese character dating and Chinese character history.The full text is divided into six parts.Introduction Briefly discusses the current state of research on the theory and system of Chinese Character Conformation,and provides an overview of the research on the philology,lexicography,history,and calligraphic art of the the SlipsChapter 1 Analysis and Arrangement of the Character Patterns of Bamboo Slips Ⅸ of the Three Kingdoms Period Unearthed from Zoumalou in Changsha The principles of character identity differentiation and main form establishment are clarified,and the variant words,variant characters,and homomorphic phenomena are summarized,including the variant strokes and variant components.The composition is divided into five types: composition mixing,composition layout difference,composition saving and reducing,composition dissimilarity,and calligraphic influence;dissimilar characters are combined with different component patterns and matters;homomorphic phenomenon includes monomeric characters with the same shape and component matters with the same shape.Chapter 2 Analysis of the Textual Conformational Properties of Bamboo Slips Ⅸ of the Three Kingdoms Period Unearthed from Zoumalou in Changsha.The principles of character splitting are clarified,and the textual conformational properties of Bamboo Slips IX are comprehensively depicted from three aspects: component type and function,structural order,and component pattern.Based on the principle of the analysis in accordance with reasoning,705 direct components are split.These components have four types of function: meaning presentation,phonetic presentation,symbolization,and marking,of which 406 are phonetic presentation components,accounting for 57.59% of the total number,and 272 are meaning presentation components,possessing the strongest ability in terms of participating in the construction.Using the basic components as the lower limit of the split,a total of 388 basic components were obtained.The structure of the text of Bamboo Slips IX is mainly hierarchical,including five types: ZeroLayer,One-Layer,Two-Layer,Three-Layer and Four-Layer,with One-Layer and Two-Layer dominating,accounting for 79.09% of the total number of characters;the text of Bamboo Slips IX includes five types of conformation patterns: full-function zero-synthesis,meaning-phonetic synthesis,meeting-meaning synthesis,marking-meaning synthesis and meaning-image synthesis,among which 710 meaning-phonetic synthesis characters occupy the dominant position.Chapter 3 Analysis of the conformational rationale of Bamboo Slips Ⅸ of the Three Kingdoms Period Unearthed from Zoumalou in Changsha.The conformational rationale of the text of Bamboo Slips IX includes five types: transmission-inheritance,clearness,obscure,partial loss,and complete loss Among them,the number of characters with transmission-inheritance and clearness is the largest,accounting for 74.78% of the total number of characters examined,while only 3.36% have completely lost their rationale,and the writing system still has the characteristics of an ideographic script.Chapter 4 Characteristics and Evolution of the Script Formation System of Bamboo SlipsⅨ of the Three Kingdoms Period Unearthed from Zoumalou in Changsha.The text of Bamboo Slips IX is systematic and tightly structured,with a simple formative pattern,a dominant hierarchical structure,and a major formative pattern of meaning-phonetic synthesis.From a chronological point of view,from the oracle bone script to Bamboo Slips IX,the conformation system of the script has become more and more perfect.From the viewpoint of conformation patterns,the meaning-phonetic compositions account for 61.1% of the total number of character exmined and the proportion of fully functional zero-synthesis conformational patterns is significantly higher than that of Xiaozhuan and the Eastern Han Dynasty Epigraph.In terms of structural order,the oracle bone hierarchy accounts for 12.46% of the text,while the hierarchy of Bamboo Slips IX is as high as 99%,with a more orderly text structure and a higher degree of availability of components.From the viewpoint of fundamental components,compared with the oracle bones,the number of variants of the components of Bamboo Slips IX is smaller and the text is more standardized.The ratio of the number of morphological positions to the total number of characters is 1:3.35 for the oracle bones,1:3.97 for the spring and autumn gold texts,1:4.0 for the Eastern Han stele and clerical script,and 1:2.99 for Bamboo Slips IX,which is lower than that of the earlier period,and the ability to construct characters is relatively weak.This is because of the high rate of repetition and the small number of total characters that can be analyzed.The textual rationale of Bamboo Slips IX is well preserved,the pattern of textual constructions is simple,and the textual structure is well ordered,which make its conformation system full-developed.There are four appendixes.Appendix One is the table of distribution of the basic components and variants of Bamboo Slips IX,containing 388 basic components,listing the source,main form,example characters and variants.Appendix Two is the table of direct components of Bamboo Slips IX,containing 705 direct components,listing semantic components,phonetic components,marking components,symbolic components,and marking components Appendix Three is the total number of character forms,analyzing 1162 characters,listing the main form,frequency,pattern,rationale,hierarchy,and variants.In addition,we have compiled a comprehensive list of 1,264 characters about the text of Bamboo Slips IX to collect character figure.