The Influence Of Framework Type,Social Distance And Proactive Personality On Risk Decision-Making Among College Students

In daily life,people often need to make decisions for themselves or others,and the current research on risky decision making has achieved certain results.On the one hand,individual external factors influence risky decision making,such as,frame type,etc.,and it is found that individuals have different decision preferences under different frames;on the other hand,individual internal factors influence risky decision making,such as social distance,personality type,etc.Among them,some studies found that people are relatively risky when making decisions for people who are close to them,but some studies found that people are more risky when making decisions for people who are more distant.In addition,the Big Five personality has an influence on individual risky decision making and risk perception,and proactive personality is positively related to responsibility and extroversion in the Big Five personality,but few studies have examined proactive personality in relation to risky decision making.Therefore,this study will examine the effects of frame type,social distance,and proactive personality on risky decision making.This study consists of three experiments;Experiment 1 examines the differences in risky decision making between Chinese college students with different proactive personalities under both loss and benefit frameworks;Experiment 2 adds the variable of social distance to examine whether there are differences in decision making between college students with different proactive personalities under near and far social distance;Experiment 3 replaces the two levels of near and far social distance with two decision making for themselves and for others levels(i.e.,decision making roles)to examine the differences in risky decision making between college students for others and for themselves.The following experimental findings were obtained.1.Individuals with high proactive personalities have a higher tendency to risk seek when making decisions compared to individuals with low proactive personalities;individuals are more risky in the loss framework than in the benefit framework;and individuals have a higher propensity to take risks when making decisions for others than when making decisions for themselves.2.Individuals with high proactive personality tend to take risks in the benefit framework,and individuals with low proactive personality tend to take risks in the loss framework;individuals with low proactive personality tend to take risks when making decisions for others who are socially distant,and individuals with low proactive personality have a higher tendency to take risks when making decisions for others;individuals are more inclined to take risks when making risky decisions for others in a benefit framework.3.Individuals with low proactive personality tend to take risks when making decisions for socially distant others in the loss frame,and individuals with high proactive personality tend to take risks when making decisions for socially distant others;individuals with low proactive personality tend to take risks when making decisions for both themselves and others in the loss frame;individuals with high proactive personality tend to take risks when making decisions for others in the benefit frame,and individuals with low proactive personality tend to take risks when making decisions for themselves.Individuals with high initiative tend to take risks when making decisions for others and individuals with low initiative tend to take risks when making decisions for themselves.Based on the above experimental results,the following conclusions can be drawn:1.risky decision making is a complex process,and the type of benefit or loss framework,high or low proactive personality and different social distances all have an impact on individuals’ risky decision preferences in different ways;2.the way in which proactive personality and frame type reach a moderating match is demonstrated by the increase in risk-seeking preferences of individuals with high proactive personality in the benefit frame and individuals with low proactive personality in the loss frame;3.social distance affects people’s decision preferences,with individuals with low proactive personality in the loss frame having a higher risk-seeking tendency when making decisions for others who are socially distant,and individuals with high proactive personality having a higher risk-seeking tendency when making decisions for others who are socially close.