Comparison Of The Spatiotemporal Patterns And Influencing Factors Of Contact Crime And Non-contact Crime And Their Joint Prevention And Contro

The criminal structure of China is undergoing transformation.The theft crime is falling back,but it accounts for a high proportion in police work.While the fraud is on the rise,which is likely to become the first type of property crime in China.The influence of theft and fraud crime on people’s property security cannot be ignored.To build a higher level of security in China,it is extremely necessary to fight,prevent,manage and control the frequent occurrence of crimes.Therefore,the comparative study on the spatio-temporal patterns and associating factors of theft and Internet fraud is helpful to clarify the similarities and differences between the two types of crimes,and can provide references for formulating joint prevention and control strategies of online and offline crimes.Previous studies on the spatio-temporal patterns of crimes,associating factors and police prevention and control still have some gaps,which include:(1)Few studies compare the spatio-temporal patterns of theft and Internet fraud.(2)There is a lack of studies comparing the association of different types of ambient population on theft and Internet fraud.(3)In the context of China,few research have studied the association of people’s online activities on Internet fraud.(4)Few research have integrated the spatio-temporal characteristics and associated factors of theft and Internet fraud to propose joint prevention and control strategies.In this study,the theft and Internet fraud in the southeast coastal megacities(ZG city)of China are taken as the research object.The signal data of China Unicom mobile phone(ambient population data,duration data of users’ online activities),Point of interests(POI)and the seventh census data are used to carry out this research.The spatial autocorrelation,Lisa time path and space-time transition measurement method are adopted to explore the spatio-temporal distribution and the spatio-temporal stability characteristics of the two types of crimes.Then,from the comprehensive perspective of the classical theory of crime geography,this research adopts the negative binomial regression to explores the factors that influence the spatio-temporal patterns of theft and Internet fraud.The association of different types of ambient population on.the two types of crime are considered in this study.After identifying the most vulnerable ambient population of Internet fraud,the association of their online activities on Internet fraud is studied.Finally,based on the improved space-time transition measurement method,this study explores the joint prevention and control space of the two types of crimes,analyzes their spatial characteristics combined with associating factors,and finally puts forward joint prevention and control suggestions.The main findings are as follows:(1)Theft remained at a high level,while Internet fraud was on the rise.The spatial distribution range of theft was wider than that of Internet fraud,but the agglomeration area of theft was smaller than that of Internet fraud.The development zone in the suburbs and the dense population area in the outer suburbs are the two kinds of high incidence area and agglomeration area.(2)The spatio-temporal stability of Internet fraud was weaker than that of theft,but Internet fraud also showed relatively stable characteristics in a certain period of time.(3)Visitors have the greatest association on theft,while the most vulnerable population of Internet fraud are residents.(4)The longer residents spend on online activities such as financial planning,search engines,transportation and online education,the higher the risk of being cheated.(5)Four types of joint prevention and control communities are identified.The first type of communities are located in the outer suburbs,and the number of two types of crime is low,so the police deployments of these communities can be reduced.The spatial distribution scope of second type of communities involves the central zone,suburbs and outer suburbs,and the relative increase of the two types of crime is moderate.Police focus on the theft in the central city and the potential search engine fraud,financial management fraud and transportation fraud in the region.The third type of communities are located in the suburbs and the landform type is mainly mountainous.What’s more,the number of crimes in the thrid type of communities is low.But the surrounding core areas of these communities are relatively concentrated.Therefore,police should focus on core areas around such communities.The fourth type of communities are located in the central zone and suburbs,with a high density of population and facilities.The people in these communities engage in risky online activities for a long time.Police should strengthen the control of the two types of crimes and focus on fraud related to financial planning and search engines.These results provide new materials for the study of spatio-temporal pattern of crimes,association factors and prevention and control of police.This study also has some implications for the prevention and control practices of contact crime and non-contact crime.For example,the spatio-temporal stability characteristics of the two types of crime can provide references for the deployment of police resource.According to the difference of the most vulnerable ambient population of the two types of crimes and the people’s online risk activities,police can carry out publicity and education of the vulnerable population,and the APPs’ operators can improve the anti-fraud level of their products.This study also discusses the contribution and research gaps of the results.