Historical Evolvement Of Semantic Field Of "Hole" Type Noun

Commonly used words are an important part of the lexical system.In this paper,we take the “hole”category of common words in Chinese as the object of study,examines the historical evolution of the semantic field of “hole” on the basis of the corpus,we also sorted out and analyzed the situation,characteristics and reasons of its evolution and analysis.The article is divided into six main parts:Chapter 1: Introduction.We first introduce the object of the study of the semantic field of “hole”,sort out the current situation of the study of common Chinese words and “hole” type words,and discuss the research method,significance and corpus selection of this topic.Chapter 2: Definition and classification of the semantic field of“hole”.In this paper,the basic semantic features of the members of the semantic field of “hole” can be summarized as follows: [object] +[penetration] V [deep depression] + [three-dimensional space],and the members of the semantic field produce semantic aggregation and constitute the aggregation field of “hole” proxemics.At the same time,according to the different meanings expressed by the word “hole”,it is divided into “general ‘hole’sub-semantic field” and “special ‘hole’sub-semantic field”,while the members of “special ‘hole’ sub-semantic field” are divided into “cellar and deep pit”sub-semantic field,“grave and tomb” sub-semantic field,“nest” sub-semantic field and “hole in object”sub-semantic field according to the nature and function of the concept they represent.Chapter 3: Examining the semantic field of “hole” in different periods.In the Upper Chinese period,“xue” became the representative word of the “hole” semantic field,with 27 members,the most abundant among the three periods.In the Middle Chinese period,“xue” still dominates,while the number of members of the “hole” semantic field decreases to 22,and “qiong,gui,huo,kuan,cui,lou” gradually dies out during this period.Modern Chinese period: The total number of members is still 22,but the pattern of semantic field has changed greatly.In the Tang and Song dynasties,the dominant words “kong” and “ku” replaced“xue”,and in the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,the dominant word“dong” replaced “kong” and “ku”;the new words “dong”,“yan”,“wo”and “kulong” were appeared;the development of the superlative “kong”led to the sub-sense of “hole in an object”.The development of the superlative “kong” led to the gradual extinction of subordinate words such as “yu” in the “hole in the object” sub-semantic field during this period.Chapter 4: The development of the members of the semantic field of“hole” is discussed in three parts: the extinction of old words,the creation of new words,and the evolution of word meanings.The old words that died out include 12 words such as “dan,kuan,lou,keng,cui,tu,chuan,qiong,gui,yu,hao,hao”,among them,“qiong,gui,huo,kuan,cui,lou”died out around the Middle Chinese period,“dan,keng,tu,yu,hao” died out around the Modern Chinese period,and “chuan” gradually died out until the Modern Chinese period.The new words “dong”,“yan”,“wo”and “kulong” were created,among which “dong” and “yan” were transferred from other semantic fields in the Tang and Song dynasties.The original meanings of “wo” and “kulong” are “hole”,and these four words have been maintained in modern Chinese until now.Chapter 5: Analysis of the characteristics and causes of the evolution of the semantic field of “hole”.The characteristics of the evolution include the gradual development of the semantic field,the inheritance of the members,the multiple changes of the dominant words and the tendency of plosiveization.The members of the semantic field of “hole”are characterized by inheritance,and there are 27 monosyllabic words in the semantic field,among which the words that have been produced since the pre-Qin Dynasty and have been used in modern Chinese account for40% of the total semantic field members.The development of the “hole”semantic field is a slow and gradual process,with gradual changes.The semantic field of “hole” is not unchanging,and the leading words in the semantic field have changed twice in the modern period,such as the change of “kong” and “ku” to “xue” in the Tang and Song dynasties,and the change of "dong" in the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties.In the Tang and Song dynasties,“kong”and“ku” replaced “xue”,and in the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,“dong” replaced “kong” and “ku”.At the same time,there is a tendency for "hole" words to develop from monophthongs to plurals,and the core words have a stronger ability to combine and match.The reasons for the evolution include both internal and external factors.The internal factors are the regulation of the internal mechanism of the language,which is reflected in the mutual constraints of the components of the lexical system and the differences in the characteristics of the members of the semantic field,while the external factors are the cognitive factors and the influence of social culture on the language.Chapter 6: Conclusion.The main changes of the semantic field of“hole” are summarized,and the shortcomings of the article are pointed out.