Study On The Pattern Of Canopies Of The Dunhuang Grottoes In Sui And Tang Dynasty

According to the Buddhist scriptures,the canopy is not only a ritual for the Buddha to travel,but also something for the believers to offer.In Dunhuang Grottoes,canopy patterns were widely distributed in caves of different periods,mostly painted on the top of the Buddha’s head.Since Sui Dynasty,canopy patterns in Dunhuang grottoes have made a qualitative leap in shape and quantity.After Tang Dynasty,the diversification of canopy patterns has reached its peak,and it is an important part of Dunhuang decorative art.Many studies have been conducted on the artistry of the canopy patterns in Dunhuang Grottoes,but the development of the three-dimensional structure of the canopy itself as an artifact has been neglected.The prototype basis of the canopy pattern is practical objects,and its three-dimensional structure is the foundation of the development of decoration,and the most important subject hidden in the decorative form and style of The Times.At present,few scholars have studied the canopy patterns of Dunhuang Grottoes from the perspective of three-dimensional structure,and the relevant research methods and results are relatively thin.From the perspective of three-dimensional structure,this paper sorts out and analyzes the canopy patterns of the Sui and Tang dynasties in Dunhuang Grottoes,and sorts out the basic types and development veins of the canopy patterns of the Sui and Tang dynasties.This paper considers that the canopy patterns of Dunhuang Grottoes can be divided into three parts in structure: roof,curtain and decoration.The canopy is the main structure of the canopy,which determines the basic form of the canopy pattern and directly reflects the development process of its structure.Tapestries hang naturally around the edge of the cover and are important accessory fabrics;Bougang,ribbon,gem jewelry is independent of the main body and accessory structure of the decorative objects,widely distributed in the roof and curtain parts.In this paper,the canopy structure with canopy pattern is used as the main classification reference,and supplemented by the overall form of the curtain part,it can be divided into six kinds:mantle cover,arch cover,round umbrella cover,rolling grass cover,double layer cover and flower cover.On this basis,this paper will sort out the structural characteristics of various stages of the canopy patterns in the Sui and Tang Dynasties of Dunhuang Grottoes,focusing on the study of its development trend,and explore the role of canopy patterns in the Dunhuang grottoes combined with the contents of the caves.This paper discusses from the following aspects:The first part is to sort out the image and function of the canopy originated from China and India.The second part focuses on the canopy patterns of Dunhuang Grottoes,classifies them and defines the basic types of canopy patterns.The third part mainly analyzes the characteristics of the structure,distribution and combination pattern of the canopy patterns in Dunhuang Grottoes,and sorts out the development vein of the canopy patterns.The fourth part discusses the function of canopy patterns in Dunhuang Grottoes by combining images and documents.