| Colors are often used to mark text information to promote memory.However,most of the current studies on the influence of color focus on intra-item associative memory,while there are few studies focus on between-domain inter-item associative memory.Therefore,it is of practical and theoretical significance to explore the influence of verb color on verb-face associative memory.Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of emotion on associative memory,but researchers have found that the effect of emotion on associative memory is inconsistent.In previous studies,some studies did not control the difference of arousal among experimental materials with emotional valence,which made it impossible to determine whether the experimental effect was caused by valence or arousal.Other studies include an incomplete range of emotions,which makes it impossible to fully examine the effects of different emotions on associative memory.Therefore,the following questions were discussed in this study to make up for the shortcomings of previous studies:(1)the effect of verb color on verb-face association memory;(2)Influence of emotion of verbs and faces on verb-face association memory under the condition of controlling arousal of verbs and faces.Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of verb color and emotion on verb-face association memory.Experiment 1 adopts a 2(verb color: red/black)×3(face emotion:positive/negative/neutral)within subject design.Experiment 2 adopts a 3(verb emotion:positive/negative/neutral)× 3(face emotion: positive/negative/neutral)within subject design.Dependent variables were accuracy of verb recognition,verb recognition response times,accuracy of associative recognition,associative recognition response times and confidence level of recognition achievement.Experiment 1 found that(1)verb color and face emotion had no effect on verb recognition accuracy.(2)Red verbs increased the recognition response time to verbs,but this effect was weakened when faces had emotional valence;Emotion of faces reduced verb recognition response times but the verb recognition response times of negative faces was significantly higher than that of positive faces.(3)Red verbs can reduce the recognition accuracy of associative recognition,while facial emotion can improve accuracy of associative recognition.(4)The emotion of faces increased the recognition response times of associative recognition,but the associative recognition response times of negative faces was significantly higher than that of positive faces;Red increased associative recognition response times in the negative face condition,but this effect was attenuated when the face was positive or neutral.(5)The red verbs reduced the confidence level of recognition achievement,while the emotion of the face enhanced the confidence of the subjects.Experiment 2 found that(1)verb emotion and face emotion had no effect on verb recognition accuracy.(2)Negative verbs had longer verb recognition response times,while emotional faces reduced verb recognition response times.(3)The associative recognition accuracy of emotional faces was significantly higher than that of neutral faces;When verbs were neutral,the emotional face improved accuracy of associative recognition.When verbs are negative,the associative recognition accuracy of negative faces is higher than that of positive faces.(4)Emotion of the verb increased the associative recognition response times,while emotion of the face reduced the associative recognition response times.And under positive verb condition,emotional faces can reduce response times,and the effect of negative faces are greater than that of positive faces.(5)The subjects’ confidence in recognition achievement was lower under the condition of negative verbs;Under the emotional faces condition,subjects were more confident in recognition performance than the condition of neutral faces.Based on the results of experiment 1 and Experiment 2,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Red verbs have a weakening effect on verb-face association memory,but this effect is affected by the emotion of faces.(2)Emotional faces enhanced verb-face association memory,while emotional verbs interfered with verb-face association memory.(3)Compared with negative emotions,positive emotions had a greater promoting effect on verb-face association memory under the condition of consistent arousal. |
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